Abstract
The way species respond to environmental changes depends on several factors, but mainly on their niche breadth in the face of habitat variability and changes. Our study evaluated, over a six-year period, how the abundance and richness of generalist and specialist genera of Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera and Trichoptera (EPT) respond to mining activities in the Carajás National Forest, Pará state, Brazil. We hypothesized that the abundance and richness of specialist genera would be lower in streams impacted by mining. We collected 49,822 individuals, distributed in 31 genera classified as specialists and 28 as generalists. Using Generalized Linear Mixed Models (GLMM) we found that there was a negative effect of mining on the estimated richness of specialists and, contrary to what we expected, there was a positive effect of mining on the abundance of specialists. On the other hand, the generalists negatively responded to the mining in the estimated richness and abundance. Specialists in streams affected by mining may increase their abundances due to habitat homogenization. Therefore, partitioning the assemblage into generalist and specialist groups has important applications in monitoring and better understanding assemblage patterns and how they are affected by anthropogenic effects, specifically mining.
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Data availability
Voucher specimens have been deposited in the “Laboratório de Ecologia e Conservação (LABECO)” aquatic insects’ collection at the Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA), Belém, Brazil.
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Acknowledgements
The first author thanks the Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel – CAPES for the scholarship granted during the master's degree, the Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA), Programa de Pós-graduação em Ecologia (PPGECO) and Laboratório de Ecologia e Conservação (LABECO) for their structure, support and financial support. L. Juen thanks the National Research Council (CNPq) for a productivity grant (Process: 304710/2019-9). N. Pinto acknowledges CNPq for his postdoctoral fellowship (150008/2022-8) within the Synergize project, which is funded by the Brazilian Synthesis Centre on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (CNPq/MCTIC/Sinbiose 442354/209-3). We also thank Amplo Engenharia e Gestão de Projeto for the logistical support, we thank VALE S.A. for making data collection possible in its operation area in Carajás and the Brazilian Institute of Environment and Renewable Natural Resources (IBAMA) and Chico Mendes Institute for Biodiversity Conservation (ICMBio), responsible for the environmental licensing process of mining enterprises, environmental, monitoring programs, and issuance of collection permits for this study. We also thank PROPESP/UFPA (PAPQ) for their support in the revision of the manuscript. We are extremely grateful to Ana Paula Justino de Faria, Bethânia Resende, Darcilene Mafra, Driane Ferreira, Erlane José Cunha, Fernando Geraldo de Carvalho Gilberto Nicácio, Jorge Luis Pereira, Karina Dias-Silva, Laura Hagemann, Leandro Schlemmer Brasil, Lenize Batista Calvão, Myllena Lima, Mylena Neves Cardoso, Naiara Rayol, and Thiago P. Mendes for their help with field data collection and laboratory identification. We are extremely grateful to the specialists of each taxonomic group Ana Maria Pes, Adolfo Calor, Diego Castro, Frederico Salles, Gleison Desidério, Jeane Marcelle Cavalcante do Nascimento, Jorge Luiz Nessimian, Lucas Lima, Marcos Callisto, and Neusa Hamada.
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Rivera-Pérez, J.M., Shimano, Y., Luiza-Andrade, A. et al. Effect of mining on the EPT (Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera and Trichoptera) assemblage of Amazonian streams based on their environmental specificity. Hydrobiologia 850, 645–664 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-022-05111-4
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-022-05111-4