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Potential niche displacement in species of aquatic bdelloid rotifers between temperate and tropical areas

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Abstract

Bdelloids are commonly found in freshwaters or limno-terrestrial habitats. No formal attempt has yet been performed to define bdelloid niche and to identify whether species respond in a clear, consistent, and quantifiable fashion to environmental parameters. Therefore, we analysed the correlation between the occurrence of common Rotaria species in Thailand and environmental variables, including limnological, climatic, and biotic features. We followed two approaches to determine the niche of the investigated species: performing regression models for each species and reconstructing the niche spaces occupied by each species using n-dimensional hypervolumes. The effect of local-scale limnological and large-scale climatic variables was almost negligible at explaining the occurrence and distribution of Rotaria species. Surprisingly, primary productivity, known in temperate areas to be a major positive correlate of the occurrence of R. neptunia, appeared to have no effect on this species when measured as chlorophyll a, and a negative effect when measured as cyanobacterial productivity. Biotic variables revealed that different Rotaria species have a similar response to environmental variables. Two main messages are supported: (i) no clear environmental features unambiguously affected bdelloids species; (ii) features that are relevant for limnological processes at temperate latitudes may not be applicable for explaining processes in tropical latitudes.

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Data availability

The R code to generate the analyses and the dataset are available on GitHub (https://github.com/StefanoMammola/Rotifers_Thai_Niche_Modelling/tree/main). Unpublished sequencing data of R. neptunoida have been deposited in the GenBank (GenBank Accession Numbers: MZ540086-MZ540089).

Code availability

Not applicable.

Data Availability

The R code to generate the analyses and the dataset are available on GitHub (https://github.com/StefanoMammola/Rotifers_Thai_Niche_Modelling/tree/main). Unpublished sequencing data of R. neptunoida have been deposited in the GenBank (GenBank Accession Numbers: MZ540086-MZ540089).

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Acknowledgements

This research was supported by the Science Achievement Scholarship of Thailand (SAST), Research Career Development Grant, Thailand Research Fund (RSA6080032) and Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Thailand.

Funding

This research was financially supported by the Science Achievement Scholarship of Thailand (SAST), Research Career Development Grant, Thailand Research Fund (RSA6080032) and Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Thailand.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Chatuchak, Bangkok, Thailand

    Rapeepan Jaturapruek & Supiyanit Maiphae

  2. Molecular Ecology Group (MEG), Water Research Institute (IRSA), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Verbania Pallanza, Italy

    Diego Fontaneto & Stefano Mammola

  3. Laboratory for Integrative Biodiversity Research (LIBRe), Finnish Museum of Natural History (LUOMUS), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland

    Stefano Mammola

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  1. Rapeepan Jaturapruek
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  2. Diego Fontaneto
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  3. Stefano Mammola
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  4. Supiyanit Maiphae
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Correspondence to Supiyanit Maiphae.

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Ethical approval

The present study was approved by the ethics committee of Kasetsart University (approval no. ACKU 59-SCI-004) for collecting Rotaria specimens.

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Supplementary Information

Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.

10750_2021_4681_MOESM1_ESM.pdf

Pairplot representing the 7-dimensional hypervolume for all the species included in the database. Large points with white borders represent centroids of each hypervolume. 4000 random points were arbitrarily sampled from each hypervolume to delineate its shape and boundary, whereas the contour lines are drawn exclusively for visual presentation. Supplementary file1 (PDF 16543 kb)

10750_2021_4681_MOESM2_ESM.pdf

Pairplot representing the 5-dimensional hypervolume for all the species with enough occurrences to generate an hypervolume, when reducing the number of analysed samples but including chlorophyll a and phycocyanin as proxies of primary productivity. Large points with white borders represent centroids of each hypervolume. 4000 random points were arbitrarily sampled from each hypervolume to delineate its shape and boundary, whereas the contour lines are drawn exclusively for visual presentation. Supplementary file2 (PDF 14127 kb)

10750_2021_4681_MOESM3_ESM.xlsx

Output of the statistical models, performed on the large set of samples excluding the measurements of primary productivity, to assess the role of the groups of explanatory variables (limnological, climatic, or biotic) on the occurrence of the three common focal species. LR test (LR), degrees of freedom (df), and p values (p) as Anova table from generalised linear model are reported, together with relative importance (RI) from multimodel averaging. Results of Moran’s I tests are reported for each model. Significant P values smaller than the selected threshold of 0.01 are marked in bold. Supplementary file3 (XLSX 11 kb)

10750_2021_4681_MOESM4_ESM.xlsx

Output of the statistical models, performed on the subset of samples with the inclusion of proxies of primary productivity, to assess the role of the groups of explanatory variables (limnological, climatic, or biotic) on the occurrence of the three common focal species. LR test (LR), degrees of freedom (df), and p values (p) as Anova table from generalised linear model are reported, together with relative importance (RI) from multimodel averaging. Results of Moran’s I tests are reported for each model. Significant P values smaller than the selected threshold of 0.01 are marked in bold. Supplementary file4 (XLSX 11 kb)

10750_2021_4681_MOESM5_ESM.xlsx

Niche statistics for the three species in the reduced dataset with the inclusion of proxies of primary productivity. On the diagonal, volume of the niche (note that volume is unitless). Above the diagonal, distance between hypervolume centroids. Below the diagonal, differentiation among n-dimensional hypervolumes measured as total = shift + expansion/contraction (Carvalho & Cardoso, 2020; Mammola & Cardoso, 2020). Supplementary file5 (XLSX 8 kb)

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Jaturapruek, R., Fontaneto, D., Mammola, S. et al. Potential niche displacement in species of aquatic bdelloid rotifers between temperate and tropical areas. Hydrobiologia 848, 4903–4918 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-021-04681-z

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-021-04681-z

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