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Signature of postglacial colonization on contemporary genetic structure and diversity of Quadrula quadrula (Bivalvia: Unionidae)

  • FRESHWATER BIVALVES
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Abstract

Contemporary species distributions and geographic patterns of genetic structure largely reflect pre-historic events, often with subsequent alterations from human influences. The geographic genetic structure of a relatively common and widespread unionid species, Quadrula quadrula, was investigated to reconstruct its postglacial history. Hypotheses regarding colonization routes of Q. quadrula into the Great Lakes basin after the most recent glacial retreat were tested. Samples were collected from Q. quadrula at sites spanning hypothesized glacial refugia and postglacial expansion routes in the Mississippi River drainage, including the Ohio and Missouri rivers, and the Great Lakes. Broad-scale phylogeography and population structure were assessed by sequencing a fragment of the mitochondrial CO1 gene and genotyping eight microsatellites. Results of analyses showed marked differences among the Great Lakes, Mississippi River, and Ohio River drainages, and suggested colonization of the Great Lakes basin from a Mississippian source. Populations showed patterns of isolation by distance: geographic and genetic distances were significantly correlated among Great Lakes populations based on colonization through the Chicago–Illinois outlet, but not when following the Wabash–Maumee outlet. All evidence indicates that postglacial colonization of the Great Lakes basin occurred almost exclusively through the Chicago–Illinois outlet, with subsequent expansion into the lower Great Lakes.

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Acknowledgements

This work was made possible through funding from the Endangered Species Recovery Fund of World Wildlife Fund Canada, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources and Forestry (OMNRF), Central Michigan University (CMU), and the Conchologists of America, Inc. Stipend support was awarded to PTM and JRH by Central Michigan University. This article is contribution 77 of the Central Michigan University Institute for Great Lakes Research. Dr. Heather Galbraith (Trent University/United States Geological Survey—USGS), Dr. Daniel Spooner (Trent University/USGS), Caleigh Smith (OMNRF), Kristyne Wozney (OMNRF), Amy Mathias (Trent University), Anne Kidde (OMNRF), Ryan Hill (OMNRF), Brant Fisher (Indiana Department of Natural Resources), Steve McMurray (Missouri Department of Conservation; MDOC), Scott Faiman (MDOC), Jeremy Tiemann and the Illinois Natural History Survey (INHS) 2010 Stream Team, Steve Kahl (Shiawassee National Wildlife Refuge, United States Fish and Wildlife Service; USFWS), Dr. Todd Crail (University of Toledo), Dr. Daelyn Woolnough (CMU), Andy Harris (CMU), Matt Rowe (CMU), Jennifer Bergner (CMU), Daryl Kuipers (CMU), Katie Colaccino (CMU), Ben Boecher (CMU), Joe Bailey (CMU), Briana Collins (CMU), Mariah Scott (CMU), Kile Kucher (USFWS/CMU), Robert Mathias, and James Miller provided valuable assistance with both field and lab work. The Indiana Department of Natural Resources, Illinois Department of Natural Resources, Ohio Department of Natural Resources, Missouri Department of Conservation, Michigan Department of Natural Resources, United States Fish and Wildlife Service, Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources and Forestry, and Fisheries and Oceans Canada provided scientific collection permits for specimen collection.

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  1. Institute for Great Lakes Research, Biology Department, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, MI, 48859, USA

    Philip T. Mathias, Jordan R. Hoffman & David T. Zanatta

  2. Aquatic Research and Monitoring Section, Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources and Forestry, Trent University, Peterborough, ON, K9J 7B8, Canada

    Chris C. Wilson

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Guest editors: Manuel P. M. Lopes-Lima, Ronaldo G. Sousa, Lyuba E. Burlakova, Alexander Y. Karatayev & Knut Mehler / Ecology and Conservation of Freshwater Bivalves

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Appendix 1–3 (DOCX 70 kb)

10750_2016_3076_MOESM2_ESM.xls

Appendix 4 Pairwise population differentiation (F ST below diagonal and D est above diagonal) with each site represented by a rectangle separated by drainage. The Lake Michigan drainage is abbreviated as Lk MI (XLS 84 kb)

10750_2016_3076_MOESM3_ESM.jpg

Appendix 5 Delta-K graphs for STRUCTURE analyses with a priori (A) and without a priori (C) population assignments. Mean natural log-likelihood graphs for STRUCTURE analyses with a priori (B) and without a priori (D) population assignments (JPEG 600 kb)

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Mathias, P.T., Hoffman, J.R., Wilson, C.C. et al. Signature of postglacial colonization on contemporary genetic structure and diversity of Quadrula quadrula (Bivalvia: Unionidae). Hydrobiologia 810, 207–225 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-016-3076-0

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