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The microbial food web structure of a hypertrophic warm-temperate shallow lake, as affected by contrasting zooplankton assemblages

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Abstract

The composition of zooplankton is known to affect the structure of the microbial trophic web. The zooplankton of the hypertrophic Laguna Chascomús (Argentina) is generally dominated by rotifers and cyclopoids copepods. An unusual dominance by small-cladocerans was observed after a massive winter fish kill in 2007. We hypothesized that small-cladocerans would increase the grazing pressure on heterotrophic flagellates (HF), reducing the degree of coupling between HF and picoplankton. The aim of this study was to investigate the microbial food web structure under two contrasting zooplankton assemblages. The lake was sampled every other week between 2007 and 2009. The abundances of heterotrophic bacteria (HB) and picocyanobacteria (Pcy) laid among the highest values reported for aquatic systems (>108 and 107 cells ml−1, respectively). Pcy averaged 53% of total picoplanktonic biomass. When small-cladocerans dominated zooplankton HF reached the higher abundance (>105 cells ml−1) and picoplankton showed the opposite pattern, while the proportion of grazing resistant morphologies (i.e. microaggregates of Pcy) was higher. In contrast, when rotifers dominated, HF abundance decreased and picoplankton increased. Our data suggest that the degree of HF–HB coupling was affected by changes in zooplankton dominance. In contrast to our initial hypothesis, the present results suggest that large numbers of rotifers (>5,000 ind. l−1) are more efficient than small-cladocerans at controlling HF populations.

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Acknowledgments

We thank José Bustingorry and Roberto Escaray for field assistance, Don Morris for DOC analyses, Cecilia Buñirigo for counting filamentous HB and Josep M. Gasol for sharing the original data set from Gasol (1994). We would also like to thank M. Meerhoff and the four anonymous reviewers for their detailed and constructive comments, which greatly improved the quality of this article. This work was supported by UNSAM (SC08/043), CONICET (PIP 01301; PIP 00700; the Argentinean network for the assessment and monitoring of Pampean shallow-lakes—PAMPA2), CONICET-CSIC (PROBA), ANPCyT (PICT 25325).

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  1. Laboratorio de Ecología y Fotobiología Acuática, Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas-Instituto Tecnológico de Chascomús (IIB-INTECH), Universidad Nacional de San Martín (UNSAM), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), CC 164, B7130IWA, Chascomús, Buenos Aires, Argentina

    Paulina Fermani, Nadia Diovisalvi, Ana Torremorell, Leonardo Lagomarsino, Horacio E. Zagarese & Fernando Unrein

  2. Programa Ecología de Protistas, Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Nacional de Luján, Luján, Buenos Aires, Argentina

    Ana Torremorell

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  1. Paulina Fermani
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Correspondence to Fernando Unrein.

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Fermani, P., Diovisalvi, N., Torremorell, A. et al. The microbial food web structure of a hypertrophic warm-temperate shallow lake, as affected by contrasting zooplankton assemblages. Hydrobiologia 714, 115–130 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-013-1528-3

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