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Diversifying Incomes and Losing Landscape Complexity in Quilombola Shifting Cultivation Communities of the Atlantic Rainforest (Brazil)

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Abstract

Shifting cultivation systems have been blamed as the primary cause of tropical deforestation and are being transformed through various forms of conservation and development policies and through the emergence of new markets for cash crops. Here, we analyze the outcomes of different policies on land use/land cover change (LUCC) in a traditional, shifting cultivation landscape in the Atlantic Forest (Brazil), one of the world’s top biodiversity hotspots. We also investigate the impacts of those policies on the environment and local livelihoods in Quilombola communities, which are formed by descendants of former Maroon colonies. Our findings show that conservation and social policies have had mixed effects both on the conservation of the Atlantic Forest and on the livelihoods of the Quilombola. We conclude that future interventions in the region need to build on the new, functional links between sustainable livelihoods and biodiversity, where less restrictive state policies leave room for new opportunities in self-organization and innovation.

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Notes

  1. The Quilombolas are descendants of former Maroon colonies, and are among the poorest and most marginalized rural communities in Brazil (Schmitt et al. 2002; Penna-Firme and Brondizio 2007).

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Acknowledgments

We are grateful to the Quilombola communities of Maria Rosa, Pilões, Galvão, São Pedro, Ivaporunduva, Pedro Cubas, Pedro Cubas de Cima, Sapatu, André Lopes and Nhunguara for their hospitality and to the invaluable assistance provided by our field assistants. We would also like to thank Marie Sugiyama (Botanical Institute-SMA-SP) for the identification of the botanical specimens. We are also grateful for the support from Instituto Socioambiental (ISA), Fundação Instituto de Terras do Estado de São Paulo (ITESP), Department of Ecology/IB-USP, Department of Genetics and Evolutionary Biology/IB-USP, and the Complex System Modelling Graduate Program/EACH-USP. Funding support was provided by the Danish Research Council for Social Science to Cristina Adams and Nathalie Van Vliet (“Transition of shifting cultivation systems at the agriculture/forest frontiers—sustainability or demise” project); by the São Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP) to Rui S. S. Murrieta (2008/52446-4, 2005/00117-9, 2000/04102-2), Carolina S. Taqueda (2006/58624-6), Celia Futemma (07-53308-1) and Lucia C. Munari (2007/51979-6); by the National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq) to Mirella A. Crevelaro (134962/2005-2); and by Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior to Nelson N. Pedroso Jr. and and Vânia L. S. Prado. Data collection on diet and activity patterns was funded by the Anthropology Department at The Ohio State University.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratory of Human Ecology, Department of Environmental Management, School of Arts, Sciences and Humanities, University of São Paulo, Av. Arlindo Bétio, 1000, São Paulo, SP, Brazil, 03828-000

    Cristina Adams

  2. Laboratory of Human Evolutionary Studies, Department of Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, Biosciences Institute, University of São Paulo, R. do Matão, 277, São Paulo, SP, Brazil, 05508-090

    Lucia Chamlian Munari, Rui Sergio Sereni Murrieta, Nelson Novaes Pedroso Jr., Carolina Santos Taqueda, Mirella Abrahão Crevelaro & Vânia Luísa Spressola-Prado

  3. Department of Geography and Geology, University of Copenhagen, Oster Voldgade 10, 1350, Copenhagen K, Denmark

    Nathalie Van Vliet

  4. Department of Anthropology, The Ohio State University, 4054 Smith Laboratory, 174 W. 18th Ave., Columbus, OH, 43210, USA

    Barbara Ann Piperata

  5. NEPAM - University of Campinas, Rua dos Flamboyants, 155, Cidade Universitária Zeferino Vaz, Campinas, SP, Brazil, 13083-867

    Celia Futemma

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  1. Cristina Adams
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  2. Lucia Chamlian Munari
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  3. Nathalie Van Vliet
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  4. Rui Sergio Sereni Murrieta
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  7. Nelson Novaes Pedroso Jr.
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  9. Mirella Abrahão Crevelaro
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  10. Vânia Luísa Spressola-Prado
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Correspondence to Cristina Adams.

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Adams, C., Chamlian Munari, L., Van Vliet, N. et al. Diversifying Incomes and Losing Landscape Complexity in Quilombola Shifting Cultivation Communities of the Atlantic Rainforest (Brazil). Hum Ecol 41, 119–137 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10745-012-9529-9

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10745-012-9529-9

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