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Reactive carbonyl species and their roles in sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ cycling defect in the diabetic heart

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Abstract

Efficient and rhythmic cardiac contractions depend critically on the adequate and synchronized release of Ca2+ from the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) via ryanodine receptor Ca2+ release channels (RyR2) and its reuptake via sarco(endo)plasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase (SERCA2a). It is well established that this orchestrated process becomes compromised in diabetes. What remain incompletely defined are the molecular mechanisms responsible for the dysregulation of RyR2 and SERCA2a in diabetes. Earlier, we found elevated levels of carbonyl adducts on RyR2 and SERCA2a isolated from hearts of type 1 diabetic rats and showed the presence of these posttranslational modifications compromised their functions. We also showed that these mono- and di-carbonyl reactive carbonyl species (RCS) do not indiscriminately react with all basic amino acid residues on RyR2 and SERCA2a; some residues are more susceptible to carbonylation (modification by RCS) than others. A key unresolved question in the field is which of the many RCS that are upregulated in the heart in diabetes chemically react with RyR2 and SERCA2a? This brief review introduces readers to the field of RCS and their roles in perturbing SR Ca2+ cycling in diabetes. It also provides new experimental evidence that not all RCS that are upregulated in the heart in diabetes chemically react with RyR2 and SERCA2a, methylglyoxal and glyoxal preferentially do.

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported in part by the grants from the Edna Ittner Research Foundation, American Diabetes Association (1-06-RA-11) and the National Institutes of Health (HL085061). The authors thank Janice A. Taylor and James R. Talaska of the Confocal Laser Scanning Microscope Core Facility at the University of Nebraska Medical Center for providing assistance with confocal microscopy. The authors apologize for relevant studies that have not been cited.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Departments of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, Durham Research Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, DRC 3047, Omaha, NE, 68198-5800, USA

    Chengju Tian, Fadhel Alomar, Caronda J. Moore, Chun Hong Shao & Keshore R. Bidasee

  2. Department of Pharmacology, University of Dammam, Dammam, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

    Fadhel Alomar

  3. Joint Division of Pediatric Cardiology, University of Nebraska/Creighton University and Children’s Hospital and Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA

    Shelby Kutty

  4. School of Forensic and Investigative Sciences and School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, UK

    Jaipaul Singh

  5. Environmental, Agricultural and Occupational Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA

    Keshore R. Bidasee

  6. Nebraska Center for Redox Biology, N146 Beadle Center, Lincoln, NE, 68588-0662, USA

    Keshore R. Bidasee

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  1. Chengju Tian
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  2. Fadhel Alomar
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Correspondence to Keshore R. Bidasee.

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Tian, C., Alomar, F., Moore, C.J. et al. Reactive carbonyl species and their roles in sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ cycling defect in the diabetic heart. Heart Fail Rev 19, 101–112 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10741-013-9384-9

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