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Exogenous application of free polyamines enhance salt tolerance of pistachio (Pistacia vera L.) seedlings

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Abstract

The protective effects of free polyamines (PAs) against salinity stress were investigated for pistachio seedlings (Pistacia vera cv. Badami-Zarand) in a controlled greenhouse. Seedlings were treated with 25, 50, 100 and 150 mM of salts including NaCl, CaCl2 and MgCl2. Foliar treatments of putrescine, spermidine (Spd) and spermine (Spm) (0.1 and 1 mM) were applied during the salinity period. Results showed that growth characteristics of pistachio seedlings decreased under salinity stress and the application of PAs efficiently reduced the adverse effects of salt stress. PAs reduced the severe effects of salt stress in pistachio seedlings neither by increasing the activities of peroxidase and ascorbate peroxidase nor by increasing the proline content but by increasing the activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase and decreasing the hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) activity. PAs treated seedlings showed a lower Na+:K+ ratio and Cl− in leaves suggesting the role of PAs in balancing the ion exchange and better Na+:K+ discrimination under salt stress condition. These results showed the promising potential use of PAs especially Spm and Spd for reducing the negative effects of salinity stress and improving the growth of pistachio seedlings.

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Abbreviations

APX:

Ascorbate peroxidase

CAT:

Catalase

H2O2 :

Hydrogen peroxide

PAs:

Polyamines

POD:

Peroxidase

Put:

Putrescine

ROS:

Reactive oxygen species

SAR:

Sodium adsorption ratio

SOD:

Superoxide dismutase

Spd:

Spermidine

Spm:

Spermine

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Acknowledgments

The authors would like to thank Dr. Zahra Pakkish and Dr. Mehdi Sarcheshmehpour for their guidance on enzyme assays and salt treatments.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Horticulture, Rafsanjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Rafsanjan, Iran

    Fereshteh Kamiab

  2. Department of Horticulture, University College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran

    Alireza Talaie

  3. Horticultural Research Institute, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran

    Masood Khezri

  4. Iran’s Pistachio Research Institute, Rafsanjan, Iran

    Amanallah Javanshah

Authors
  1. Fereshteh Kamiab
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  2. Alireza Talaie
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  3. Masood Khezri
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  4. Amanallah Javanshah
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Correspondence to Masood Khezri.

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Kamiab, F., Talaie, A., Khezri, M. et al. Exogenous application of free polyamines enhance salt tolerance of pistachio (Pistacia vera L.) seedlings. Plant Growth Regul 72, 257–268 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10725-013-9857-9

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10725-013-9857-9

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