Abstract
The effects of polyamines (Putrescine— Put; Spermidine—Spd; and Spermine—Spm) on␣salt tolerance of seedlings of two barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) cultivars (J4, salt-tolerant; KP7, salt-sensitive) were investigated. The results showed that, the salt-tolerant cultivar J4 seedlings accumulated much higher levels of Spd and Spm and lower Put than the salt-sensitive cultivar KP7␣under salt stress. At the same time, the dry weight of KP7 decreased significantly than that of␣J4. After methylglyoxal bis(guanylhydrazone) [MGBG, an inhibitor of S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase (SAMDC)] treatment, Spd and Spm levels together with the dry weight of both cultivars were reduced, but the salt-caused dry weight reduction in two cultivars could be reversed by the concomitant treatment with Spd. MGBG decreased the activities of tonoplast H+-ATPase and H+-PPase too, but the experiments in vitro indicated that MGBG was not able to affect the above two enzyme activities. However, the polyamines, especially Spd, promoted their activities obviously. These results suggested that the conversion of Put to Spd and Spm and maintenance of higher levels of Spd and Spm were necessary for plant salt tolerance.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
Abbreviations
- Spd:
-
Spermidine
- Spm:
-
Spermine
- Put:
-
Putrescine
- ADC:
-
Arginine decarboxylase
- ODC:
-
Ornithine decarboxylase
- SAMDC:
-
S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase
- MGBG:
-
Methylglyoxal bis(guanylhydrazone)
References
Abebe T, Guenzi AC, Martin B, Cushman JC (2003) Tolerance of mannitol-accumulating transgenic wheat to water stress and salinity. Plant Physiol 131:1748–1755
Athwal GS, Huber SC (2002) Divalent cations and polyamines bind to loop 8 of 14-3-3 proteins, modulating their interaction with phosphorylated nitrate reductase. Plant J 29:119–130
Bradford MM (1976) A rapid and sensitive method for the quantification of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding. Anal Biochem 72:248–254
Briskin DP, Hanson JB (1992) How does the plant plasma membrane H+-ATPase pump protons? J Exp Bot 43:269–289
Drozdowicz YM, Rea PA (2001) Vacuolar H+-pyrophosphatases: from the evolutionary backwaters into the mainstream. Trends Plant Sci 6:206–211
Flores HE, Galston AW (1982) Analysis of polyamines in higher plants by higher performance liquid chromatography. Plant Physiol 69:701–706
He L, Nada K, Kasukabe Y, Tachibana S (2002) Enhanced susceptibility of photosynthesis to low-temperature photoinhibition due to interruption of chill-induced increase of S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase activity in leaves of spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.). Plant Cell Physiol 43:196–206
Hoagland DR, Arnon DI (1950) The water-culture method for growing plants without soil. Calif Agric Exp Stn Circ 347:1–39
Jänne J, Alhonen-Hongisto L (1989) Inhibition of polyamine biosynthesis as therapeutic agents. In: Bachrach U, Heimer YM (eds), The physiology of polyamines, vol 2. VRC Press, Boca Raton FL, pp 251–286
Krishnamurthy R, Bhagwat KA (1989) Polyamines as modulators of salt tolerance in rice cultivars. Plant Physiol 91:500–504
Legocka J, Kluk A (2005) Effect of salt and osmotic stress on changes in polyamine content and arginine decarboxylase activity in Lupinus luteus seedlings. J Plant Physiol 162:662–668
Li CZ, Wang GX (2004) Interactions between reactive oxygen species, ethylene and polyamines in leaves of Glycyrrhiza inflata seedlings under root osmotic stress. Plant Growth Regul 42:55–60
Li ZY, Chen SY (2000) Differential accumulation of the S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase transcript in rice seedlings in response to salt and drought stress. Theor Appl Genet 100:782–788
Liu H, LiuY, Yu B, Liu Z, Zhang W (2004) Increased polyamines conjugated to tonoplast vesicles correlate with maintenance of the H+-ATPase and H+-PPase activities and enhanced osmotic stress tolerance in wheat. J Plant Growth Regul 23:156–165
Liu J, Jiang MY, Zhou YF, Liu YL (2005) Production of polyamines is enhanced by endogenous abscisic acid in maize seedlings subjected to salt stress. J Integ Plant Biol 47:1326-1334
Liu YL, Zhang WH, Ding NC (1993) Study on the mechanism of salt tolerance in barley. In: Nanchang (ed) Barley Committee of Chinese Crop Society Science and Technology Publishers, pp 209–213 (in Chinese)
Maeshima M (2001) Tonoplast transporters: organization and function. Annu Rev Plant Physiol Plant Mol Biol 52:469–497
Martin-Tanguy J (2001) Metabolism and function of polyamines in plants: recent development (new approaches). Plant Growth Regul 34:135–148
Morsomme P, Boutry M (2000) The plant plasma membrane H(+)-ATPase: structure, function and regulation. Biochim Biophys Acta 1465:1–16
Palmgren MG (2001) Plant plasma membrane H+-ATPases: powerhouses for nutrient uptake. Annu Rev Plant Physiol Plant Mol Biol 52:817–845
Sood S, Nagar PK (2003) The effect of polyamines on leaf senescence in two diverse rose species. Plant Growth Regul 39:155–160
Shen WY, Nada K, Tachibana S (2000) Involvement of polyamines in the chilling tolerance of cucumber cultivars. Plant Physiol 124:431–439
Sussman MR (1994) Molecular analysis of proteins in the plant plasma membrane. Annu Rev Plant Physiol Plant Mol Biol 45:211–234
Tang W, Newton RJ (2005) Polyamines reduce salt- induced oxidative damage by increasing the activities of antioxidant enzymes and decreasing lipid peroxidation in Verginia pine. Plant Growth Regul 46: 31–43
Vasuki K, Astrid W (2004) Effect of reduced arginine decarboxylase activity on salt tolerance and on polyamine formation during salt stress in Arabidopsis thaliana. Physiol Plant 121:101–107
Wallace HM, Fraser AV (2004) Inhibitors of polyamine metabolism. Amino Acids 26:353–365
Wang YZ, Sze H (1985) Similarities and differencesbetween the tonoplast-type and mitochondrial H+-ATPase of oat roots. J Biol 260:10434–10443
Wi SJ, Park RY (2002) Antisense expression of carnation cDNA encoding ACC synthesis or ACC oxidase enhances polyamine content and abiotic stress tolerance in transgenic tobacco plants. Mol Cells 13:209–220
Acknowledgement
This work was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 30370850).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding authors
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Liu, J., Yu, Bj. & Liu, Yl. Effects of spermidine and spermine levels on salt tolerance associated with tonoplast H+-ATPase and H+-PPase activities in barley roots. Plant Growth Regul 49, 119–126 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10725-006-9001-1
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10725-006-9001-1