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Electromagnetic Induction Methods in Mining Geophysics from 2008 to 2012

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Abstract

In the period from 2008 to 2012, the topic of electromagnetic (EM) induction methods applied to mineral exploration has been the subject of more than 50 papers in journals and more than 300 extended abstracts presented at conferences (about 100 of which contain developments worthy of mentioning). Most of the work at the universities has been on modelling, inversion and data processing, and most of this material is published in the refereed literature. However, academia has also undertaken work on system geometry changes, system calibration and sensor design. There have been papers describing new systems developed for mineral exploration and case histories describing the use of EM methods to directly discover mineral deposits or to map the geology. Most of this work is by the service companies and mining companies and reported in the unrefereed literature. Since 2008, the pace of development of helicopter time-domain systems has slowed and more effort has been directed to developing natural source magnetic systems and to modelling and inverting this data. A number of studies comparing the results from natural source methods with the results from artificial source methods conclude that the natural source methods can see large-scale geological structures usually when there is a weak conductivity contrast with the surrounding material, but the natural source methods are unable to see small features that have a very large conductivity contrast with the country rock. Hence, they are not a good detector of mineral deposits unless one is looking for a large porphyry system.

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Acknowledgments

Figure 1 is shown courtesy of Edgar Stettler and Thani Dubai Mining LLC; Mike Webb and Anglo American are thanked for permission to show Fig. 2. I am grateful to New Nadina Explorations Ltd for releasing the data from Silver Queen. Peter Kowalczyk of Mira Geoscience supplied the ZTEM inversion and Nasreddine Bournas of Quantec Geoscience supplied the Titan MT inversion and generated the images used to create Fig. 3. Finally, I am grateful to Glenn Wilson of TechnoImaging for supplying Fig. 4, which was derived from data obtained from the Ontario Geological Survey. Thanks to two anonymous reviewers for carefully reading the manuscript and suggesting improvements.

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    Richard Smith

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Smith, R. Electromagnetic Induction Methods in Mining Geophysics from 2008 to 2012. Surv Geophys 35, 123–156 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10712-013-9227-1

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