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Population structure and genetic diversity distribution in wild and cultivated populations of the traditional Chinese medicinal plant Magnolia officinalis subsp. biloba (Magnoliaceae)

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Abstract

Magnolia officinalis subsp. biloba, a traditional Chinese medicinal plant, experienced severe declines in the number of populations and the number of individuals in the late 20th century due to the widespread harvest of the subspecies. A large-scale cultivation program was initiated and cultivated populations rapidly recovered the loss in individual plant numbers, but wild populations remained small as a consequence of cutting. In this study, the levels of genetic variation and genetic structure of seven wild populations and five domestic populations of M. officinalis subsp. biloba were estimated employing an AFLP methodology. The plant exhibited a relatively high level of intra-population genetic diversity (h = 0.208 and H j = 0.268). The cultivated populations maintained approximately 95% of the variation exhibited in wild populations, indicating a slight genetic bottleneck in the cultivated populations. The analysis of genetic differentiation revealed that most of the AFLP diversity resided within populations both for the wild group (78.22%) and the cultivated group (85.92%). Genetic differentiation among populations in the wild group was significant (F ST = 0.1092, P < 0.005), suggesting wild population level genetic structure. Principal coordinates analysis (PCO) did not discern among wild and cultivated populations, indicating that alleles from the wild population were maintained in the cultivated gene pool. Results from the present study provide important baseline data for effectively conserving the genetic resources of this medicinal subspecies.

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Acknowledgements

The authors thank field collaborators for their help in collecting samples. This work was supported by the National Key Technology R&D Programme of China (No. 2004BA721A26; No. 2006BAI06A15-4) and the Science and Technology Bureau of Hubei Province, China (No. 2004AA304A).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Wuhan Botanical Garden, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, People’s Republic of China

    Jingsheng He

  2. Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People’s Republic of China

    Jingsheng He

  3. College of Pharmacy, Wuhan University, Luojia Hill, Wuchang, Wuhan, 430072, People’s Republic of China

    Ling Chen, Bo Huang, Xiaoquan Ban & Youwei Wang

  4. Horticulture Department, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA

    Ying Si

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  1. Jingsheng He
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Correspondence to Youwei Wang.

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He, J., Chen, L., Si, Y. et al. Population structure and genetic diversity distribution in wild and cultivated populations of the traditional Chinese medicinal plant Magnolia officinalis subsp. biloba (Magnoliaceae). Genetica 135, 233–243 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10709-008-9272-8

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