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Genetic differentiation and trade among populations of peach palm (Bactris gasipaes Kunth) in the Peruvian Amazon—implications for genetic resource management

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Abstract

Peach palm (Bactris gasipaes Kunth) is cultivated for fruit and ‘heart of palm’, and is an important component of agroforestry systems in the Peruvian Amazon. In this study, AFLP was used to compare genetic diversity among domesticated populations along the Paranapura and Cuiparillo rivers, which are managed by indigenous and colonist farming communities, respectively. Gene diversity was 0.2629 for the populations in indigenous communities and 0.2534 in colonist communities. Genetic differentiation among populations (G st) was 0.0377–0.0416 (P<0.01) among populations along both rivers. There was no relation between genetic differentiation and the geographical location of populations along the rivers. Since natural seed dispersal by birds and rodents is thought to occur only across relatively short distances (100–200 m), it is likely that exchange of material by farmers and commercial traders is responsible for most of the ‘long-distance’ (over more than 20 km) gene flow among populations along the two rivers studied. This exchange of material may be important to counteract the effects of selection as well as genetic drift in small groups of trees in farmers’ fields, much as in a metapopulation, and may account for the weak genetic differentiation between the two rivers (G st=0.0249, P<0.01). A comparison with samples from other landraces in Peru and Brazil showed the existence of an isolation-by-distance structure up to 3,000 km, consistent with gene flow on a regional scale, likely mediated by trade in the Amazon Basin. Results are discussed with regard to practical implications for the management of genetic resources with farming communities.

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Acknowledgements

We thank personnel from the International Centre for Research in Agroforestry in Yurimaguas and Pucallpa, Peru for conducting the fieldwork in this study and providing additional information necessary for the realisation of this study. We also thank Dr. Charles R. Clement, INPA and Paul Arens for providing useful comments on an earlier draft of this manuscript.

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Author notes

  1. A. Adin

    Present address: East-West Seed Company, 41181, Purwakarta, Indonesia

  2. J. C. Weber

    Present address: , 2224 NW 11th Street, Corvallis, OR 97330, USA

  3. C. Sotelo Montes

    Present address: Department of Wood and Forest Sciences, Laval University, Quebec, G1K 7P4, Canada

  4. H. Vidaurre

    Present address: Trópicos, Pucallpa, Peru

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Plant Research International, Wageningen UR, P.O. Box 16, 6700 AA , Wageningen, The Netherlands

    A. Adin, B. Vosman & M. J. M. Smulders

  2. International Centre for Research in Agroforestry (ICRAF), Pucallpa, Peru

    J. C. Weber, C. Sotelo Montes & H. Vidaurre

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  1. A. Adin
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  2. J. C. Weber
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  3. C. Sotelo Montes
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  4. H. Vidaurre
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  5. B. Vosman
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  6. M. J. M. Smulders
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Correspondence to M. J. M. Smulders.

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Communicated by H.F. Linskens

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Adin, A., Weber, J.C., Sotelo Montes, C. et al. Genetic differentiation and trade among populations of peach palm (Bactris gasipaes Kunth) in the Peruvian Amazon—implications for genetic resource management. Theor Appl Genet 108, 1564–1573 (2004). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00122-003-1581-9

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