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Respiratory response of grass carp Ctenopharyngodon idellus to dissolved oxygen changes at three acclimation temperatures

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Abstract

Respiratory parameters of grass carp were studied during dissolved oxygen (DO) changes from normal DO to hypoxia, then return to normal DO at 15, 25, and 30 °C acclimation, respectively. The results showed that with increases of acclimation temperature at normoxia the respiratory frequency (fR), oxygen consumption rate (VO2), respiratory stroke volume (VS.R), gill ventilation (VG), and VG/VO2 of grass carp increased significantly, but the oxygen extraction efficiency (EO2) of fish decreased significantly (P < 0.05). With declines of DO levels, the fR, VS.R, VG, and VG/VO2 of fish increased significantly at different acclimation temperatures (P < 0.05). A slight increase was found in VO2, and the EO2 of fish remained almost constant above DO levels of 3.09, 2.91, and 2.54 mg l−1 at 15, 25, and 30 °C, while the VO2 and EO2 began to decrease significantly with further reductions in DO levels (P < 0.05). After 0.5 h of recovery to normoxia from hypoxia at three acclimation, the fR, VS.R, VG, and VG/VO2 of the fish decreased sharply; meanwhile, the VO2 and EO2 increased sharply (P < 0.05). The respiratory parameters of fish gradually approached initial values with prolonged recovery time to normoxia, and reached their initial values in 2.5 h at 25 and 30 °C acclimation. The critical oxygen concentrations (Cc) of fish for VO2 were 2.42 mg l−1 at 15 °C, 2.02 mg l−1 at 25 °C, and 1.84 mg l−1 at 30 °C, respectively. The results suggest that grass carp are highly adapted to varied DO and short-term hypoxia environments.

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Acknowledgements

This work was financially supported by China Agriculture Research System (CARS-46), National Program on Key Basic Research Project (2009CB118706), 111 Project of China (B08049), and earmarked fund for the National Science and Technology Support Program (2012BAD25B00).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Harbin, 150070, People’s Republic of China

    Zhigang Zhao & Qiyou Xu

  2. The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, People’s Republic of China

    Shuanglin Dong

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  1. Zhigang Zhao
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  2. Shuanglin Dong
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Correspondence to Shuanglin Dong or Qiyou Xu.

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Zhao, Z., Dong, S. & Xu, Q. Respiratory response of grass carp Ctenopharyngodon idellus to dissolved oxygen changes at three acclimation temperatures. Fish Physiol Biochem 44, 63–71 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10695-017-0413-9

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10695-017-0413-9

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