Abstract
The development of a biomarker for rapid detection of intersex is desirable to researchers and fisheries managers alike. The first step is to identify a marker that has a dimorphic expression pattern. With a focus on sex-specific genes, we assessed the use of vitellogenin (vtg), forkhead box L2 (foxl2) and doublesex and mab-3-related transcription factor 1 (dmrt1) as molecular biomarkers for the identification of gender in shovelnose sturgeon (Scaphirhynchus platorynchus), a species known to have intersex individuals. A total of 61 shovelnose sturgeons were sampled from the Wabash River, Indiana, in April 2008. Results from our study indicate that least 7.5% of the non-females had testicular oocytes. Expression level of liver vtg was not higher in females than males, nor was gonad dmrt1 expression found to be higher in males. Only the expression of foxl2 was significantly greater in females and was found to be useful for identifying gender. Variation in expression levels of foxl2 in gonads of intersex fish limited its usefulness as a single biomarker for identifying this condition. Instead, the use of foxl2 to dmrt1 (foxl2 transcript abundance/dmrt1 transcript abundance) may be useful in the identification of intersex fish, as this ratio increased with increased feminization. We conclude that foxl2 can be used to identify sex, but not intersex sturgeon.
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Acknowledgments
The authors would like to thank everyone that participated in the collection and processing of the fish used in this study, especially the staff of the Indiana Department of Natural Resources and Animal Disease and Diagnosis Laboratory of Purdue University for donating the tissues used in this study. We are also thankful to all of the graduate and undergraduate students that helped in the collection of data and tissues.
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Amberg, J.J., Goforth, R., Stefanavage, T. et al. Sexually dimorphic gene expression in the gonad and liver of shovelnose sturgeon (Scaphirhynchus platorynchus). Fish Physiol Biochem 36, 923–932 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10695-009-9369-8
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10695-009-9369-8