Abstract
Urban main fire fighting vehicle is the most important item of firefighting equipment. The stability and safety of these vehicles need to be assured to avoid fire extinguishing accidents due to vehicle stability or safety problems, especially when firefighting under complex working conditions. Jet reaction force is produced by the stationary nozzle, and its direction is opposite of the jet direction. Consequently, the jet reaction force has a negative effect on the stability of the fire fighting vehicle during the firefighting process. Thus, this paper explores the relationship of jet reaction forces from a fire water monitor under different flow rate operating conditions by using finite element simulations (Fluent and Fluid-Structure Interaction simulations) and experimental research. The FSI method is proposed as a new simulation approach in this study to analyze the fire water monitor jet reaction force under different working conditions. Furthermore, the jet reaction forces are used to analyze the roll stability of urban firefighting vehicle by combining virtual prototype technology, which has not been studied in past publications. The firefighting vehicle rollover angle is 33.8\(^\circ\) when the fire water monitor is not in operation, and the angles decrease from 8.5% to 39.2% when the flow rate increases from 30 L/s to 120 L/s, respectively, compared with a flow rate equal to 0 L/s. Thus, these findings facilitate analyze of jet reaction forces under different flow rates to improve the safety performance of fire fighting vehicles.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Guo Tie-Nan, Zhi-Min Fu (2007) The fire situation and progress in fire safety science and technology in China. Fire Saf J 42(3):171–182
Yang Lizhong and Zhou Xiaodong and Deng Zhihua and Fan Weicheng and Wang Qing’an, Fire situation and fire characteristic analysis based on fire statistics of China, Fire Saf J, 37(8), 785–802 (2002).
Zhong Maohua, Fan Weicheng, Liu TM, Zhang PH, Wei X, Liao GX (2004) China: some key technologies and the future developments of fire safety science. Safety Science 42(7):627–637
Guha Anirban, Barron Ronald M, Balachandar Ram (2010) Numerical simulation of high-speed turbulent water jets in air. J Hydraul Res 48(1):119–124
Angelino Matteo, Boghi Andrea, Gori Fabio (2016) Numerical solution of three-dimensional rectangular submerged jets with the evidence of the undisturbed region of flow. Numer Heat Transf Part A Appl 70(8):815–830
Zhang Shuce, Tao Xueheng, Lu Jinshi, Wang Xuejun, Zeng Zhenhua (2015) Design, optimization and CFD simulation of a nozzle for industrial cleaning processes based on high-pressure water jets, FDMP, Fluid Dyn Mater Process 11(2):143–155
Yu Y and Shademan M and Barron RM and Balachandar R, CFD study of effects of geometry variations on flow in a nozzle, Eng Appl Comput Fluid Mech, 6(3), 412–425 (2012).
Liu X, Wang J, Li B, Li W (2018) Experimental study on jet flow characteristics of fire water monitor. J Eng
Hu Guo Liang, Chen Wei Gang, Gao Zhi Gang (2010) Flow analysis of spray jet and direct jet nozzle for fire water monitor. Adv Mater Res 139:913–916
HU Guo-liang, LIANG Ju-xing (2010) Numerical simulation and experimental analysis of a collapsed portable type fire water monitor. Chin Hydraul Pneum 65(4):260–76
Guoliang, Hu, Ming, Long, Juxing, Liang, Weihua, Li (2012) Analysis of jet characteristics and structural optimization of a liquamatic fire water monitor with self-swinging mechanism. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 59(5–8), 805–813.
Rusly E, Aye Lu, Charters WWS, Ooi A (2005) CFD analysis of ejector in a combined ejector cooling system, Int J Refrig, 28(7), 1092–1101.
Thanarath Sriveerakul, Satha Aphornratana, Kanjanapon Chunnanond (2007) Performance prediction of steam ejector using computational fluid dynamics: part 1. Validation of the CFD results. Int J Therm Sci 46(8):812–822
Sriveerakul T, Aphomatana S, Chunnanond K (2007) Performance prediction of steam ejector using computational fluid dynamics: part 2. Flow structure of a steam ejector influenced by operating pressures and geometries. Int J Therm Sci, 46(8), 823–833.
Y Bartosiewicz and Z Aidoun and Y Mercadier, Numerical assessment of ejector operation for refrigeration applications based on CFD, Appl Therm Eng, 26(5), 604–612 (2006).
Chin Selena K, Jomaas Grunde, Sunderland Peter B (2017) Firefighter nozzle reaction. Fire Technol 53(5):1907–1917
Huai-bin Wang and Hao Xie, Research on application of heavy compressed air foam truck applied in high-rise building fires, Procedia Eng, 71, 276–285 (2014).
Versteeg HK, Malalasekera W (2007) An introduction to computational fluid dynamics: the finite volume method. Pearson Education
Fang ZL, Kang Yong, Wang XC, Li D, Hu Y, Huang M, Wang XY (2014) Numerical and experimental investigation on flow field characteristics of organ pipe nozzle, IOP Conf Ser Earth Environ Sci, 22(5), 052020.
Zhu Xiaolong, Wang Deming, Chaohang Xu, Zhu Yunfei, Zhou Wendong, He Fei (2018) Structure influence on jet pump operating limits. Chem Eng Sci 192:143–160
Hemidi, Amel, Henry, François, Leclaire, Sébastien, Seynhaeve, Jean-Marie, Bartosiewicz, Yann (2009) CFD analysis of a supersonic air ejector. Appl Therm Eng 29(8–9):1523–1531
Fan J and Eves J and Thompsony HM and Toropov VV and Kapur N and Copley D and Mincher A, Computational fluid dynamic analysis and design optimization of jet pumps, Comput Fluids, 46(1), 212–217 (2011).
Acknowledgements
This work is supported by National Key R&D Program of China (2016YFC0802900).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Sun, J., Li, W. & He, M. Analysis of Fire Water Monitor Jet Reaction Forces and Their Influences on the Roll Stabilities of Urban Firefighting Vehicle. Fire Technol 55, 2547–2566 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10694-019-00879-9
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10694-019-00879-9