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Comparing resource exploitation and allocation of two closely related aphid parasitoids sharing the same host

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Abstract

Species belonging to the same guild (i.e. sharing the same resources) can reduce the negative effects of resource competition through niche partitioning. Coexisting species may differ in their resource exploitation and in the associated allocation of nutrients, depending on their resource niche. Trade-offs in nutrient allocation, such as between reproduction and survival, or between early and late reproduction, are moderated by the abundance and distribution of resources. In this study we investigate differences in larval resource exploitation and adult reproductive strategy of two sympatric aphid parasitoids sharing a common host. The habitat specialist Aphidius rhopalosiphi and the generalist Aphidius avenae occur in cereal crops of Western Europe, where both species attack the major host resource: the grain aphid Sitobion avenae. For this purpose, we measured their acquisition of capital lipid resources, their age-specific fecundity and reproductive effort, their life span and their metabolic rate. We found that these species do not differ neither in larval lipid accumulation nor in the number of eggs at emergence and the timing of egg production, but diverge in other adult reproductive strategies. The rate of adult egg production was higher in A. rhopalosiphi than A. avenae, but at the expense of producing smaller eggs. Throughout adult life, reproductive effort was higher in A. avenae, perhaps facilitated by its higher metabolic rate than A. rhopalosiphi. The divergence between species in life history syndromes likely reflects their adaptations to their resource niche. A high egg production probably allows the specialist A. rhopalosiphi to exploit more S. avenae individuals in cereal crops, while the generalist A. avenae because of its variety of hosts, maximizes the investment per egg but at the expense of a lower lifespan. Our results suggest that differential resource allocation may be a more common pattern that promotes coexistence of species within a guild.

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Acknowledgments

All of the experiments conducted in this study comply with French and Dutch legal code requirements. We thank Nicolas Chazot for technical assistance with egg size measurements. We are grateful to the people of UMR INRA ESE ‘Ecologie et Santé des Ecosystèmes’, for hosting us for some experiments and especially to Marc Roucaute and Dominique Huteau for providing access and help with the ultra-precision balance. This research was supported by a grant to C.L.L. from the Ministère de l’Enseignement Supérieur et de la Recherche and a travel and research grant from Rennes Métropole, by the COMPAREVOL program (Marie Curie Excellence Chair, http://comparevol.univ-rennes1.fr/) and by the ECOCLIM program founded by the Région Bretagne. B.V. was funded by Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research (NWO) ALW Grant 816.01.013.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Unité Mixte de Recherche CNRS 6553, ECOBIO, Université de Rennes 1, 35042, Rennes Cedex, France

    Cécile Le Lann, Joan van Baaren & Jacques J. M. van Alphen

  2. Department of Ecological Science, VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

    Cécile Le Lann, Bertanne Visser & Jacintha Ellers

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  1. Cécile Le Lann
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  2. Bertanne Visser
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  4. Jacques J. M. van Alphen
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Correspondence to Cécile Le Lann.

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Le Lann, C., Visser, B., van Baaren, J. et al. Comparing resource exploitation and allocation of two closely related aphid parasitoids sharing the same host. Evol Ecol 26, 79–94 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10682-011-9498-2

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10682-011-9498-2

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