Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Clonal integration beyond resource sharing: implications for defence signalling and disease transmission in clonal plant networks

  • Research Article
  • Published:
Evolutionary Ecology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Resource sharing between ramets of clonal plants is a well-known phenomenon, which allows stoloniferous and rhizomatous species to internally translocate water, mineral nutrients and carbohydrates from sites of high supply to sites of high demand. The mechanisms and implications of resource integration in clonal plants have extensively been studied in the past. Vascular ramet connections are likely to provide an excellent means to share substances other than resources, such as systemic defence signals and pathogens. The aim of this paper is to propose the idea that physical ramet connections of clonal plants can be used (1) to transmit signals, which enable members of clonal plant networks to share information about their biotic and abiotic environments, and (2) to facilitate the internal distribution of systemic pathogens in clonal plant networks and populations. We will focus on possible mechanisms as well as on potential ecological and evolutionary implications of clonal integration beyond resource sharing. More specifically, we will explore the role of physiological integration in clonal plant networks for the systemic transmission of direct and indirect defence signals after localized herbivore attack. We propose that sharing defence induction signals among ramets may be the basis for an efficient early warning system, and it may allow for effective indirect defence signalling to herbivore enemies through a systemic release of volatiles from entire clonal fragments. In addition, we will examine the role of clonal integration for the internal spread of systemic pathogens and pathogen defence signals within clonal plants. Clonal plants may use developmental mechanisms such as increased flowering and clone fragmentation, but also specific biochemical defence strategies to fight pathogens. We propose that clonal plant networks can act as stores and vectors of diseases in plant populations and communities and that clonal life histories favour the evolution of pathogens with a low virulence.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Agrawal A.A., Tuzun S., Bent E. (1999) Induced Plant Defenses Against Pathogens and Herbivores Biochemistry, Ecology and Agriculture. APS Press

  • P. Alpert (1991) ArticleTitleNitrogen Sharing among ramets increases clonal growth in Fragaria chiloensis Ecology 72 69–80

    Google Scholar 

  • P. Alpert (1996) ArticleTitleNutrient sharing in natural clonal fragments of Fragaria chiloensis J. Ecol. 84 395–406

    Google Scholar 

  • J. Bruin M. Dicke (2001) ArticleTitleChemical information transfer between wounded and unwounded plants: backing up the future Biochem. Syst. Ecol. 29 1103–1113 Occurrence Handle10.1016/S0305-1978(01)00053-9 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3MXltlKlu7c%3D

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • J. Bruin M.W. Sabelis M. Dicke (1991) Mite herbivory induces airborne information transfer between plants F. Dusbàbek Y. Bukva (Eds) Modern Acarology Academia, Prague and SPB Academic Publishing The Hague 599–605

    Google Scholar 

  • T. Caraco C.K. Kelly (1991) ArticleTitleOn the adaptive value of physiological integration in clonal plants Ecology 72 81–93

    Google Scholar 

  • K. Chamberlain E. Guerrieri F. Pennacchio J. Pettersson J.A. Pickett G.M. Poppy W. Powell L.J. Wadhams C.M. Woodcock (2001) ArticleTitleCan aphid-induced plant signals be transmitted aerially and through the rhizosphere? Biochem Syst. Ecol. 29 1063–1074 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3MXltlKlu7g%3D

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • D.F. Chapman M.J. Robson R.W. Snaydon (1991) ArticleTitleThe influence of leaf position and defoliation on the assimilation and translocation of carbon in white clover (Trifolium repens L.). 2. Quantitative carbon movement Ann. Bot. 67 303–308 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK3MXks1yksr8%3D

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • D.F. Chapman M.J. Robson R.W. Snaydon (1992) ArticleTitlePhysiological integration in the perennial herb Trifolium repens L Oecologia 89 338–347

    Google Scholar 

  • N.-H. Cheng C.-L. Su S.A. Carter R.S. Nelson (2000) ArticleTitleVascular invasion routes and systemic accumulation patterns of tobacco mosaic virus in Nicotiana tabacum Plant J. 23 349–362 Occurrence Handle1:STN:280:DC%2BD3cvotFWhsg%3D%3D Occurrence Handle10929128

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • T.-F. Chia J. He (1999) ArticleTitlePhotosynthetic capacity in Oncidium (Orchidaceae) plants after virus eradication Environ. Exp. Bot. 42 11–16 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK1MXlslyntLw%3D

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • D. Cipollini C.B. Purrington Bergelson J. (2003) ArticleTitleCosts of induced responses in plants Basic Appl. Ecol. 4 79–89

    Google Scholar 

  • K. Clay (1990) ArticleTitleFungal endophytes of grasses Annu. Rev. Ecol. Syst. 21 275–297

    Google Scholar 

  • U. Conrath C.M.J. Pieterse B. Mauch-Mani (2002) ArticleTitlePriming in plant–pathogen interactions Trends Pl S 7 210–216 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD38Xjtl2kt70%3D

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • R.E. Cook (1978) ArticleTitleAsexual reproduction: a further consideration Am. Nat. 113 769–772

    Google Scholar 

  • R.E. Cook (1985) Growth and development in clonal plant populations J.B.C. Jackson (Eds) Population Biology and Evolution of Clonal Organisms Yale University Press New Haven 259–296

    Google Scholar 

  • T. Day (2003) ArticleTitleVirulence evolution and the timing of disease life- history events Trends. Ecol. Evol. 18 113–118

    Google Scholar 

  • M. Dicke (1994/1995) ArticleTitleWhy do plants talk? Chemoecology. 5/6 159–165 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK28XktleqtL0%3D

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • M. Dicke J. Bruin (2001) ArticleTitleChemical information transfer between plants: back to the future Biochem. Syst. Ecol. 29 981–994 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3MXltlKlu78%3D

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • M. Dicke H. Dijkman (2001) ArticleTitleWithin-plant circulation of systemic elicitor of induced defence and release from roots of elicitor that affects neighbouring plants Biochem. Syst. Ecol. 29 1075–1087 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3MXltlKlu7k%3D

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dicke, M., Bruin, J., Sabelis, M.W. (1993a) Herbivore-induced plant volatiles mediate plant–carnivore, plant-herbivore and plant-plant interactions: talking plants revisited. In J.C. Schultz and I. Raskin (eds.) Plant Signals in Interactions with Other Organisms. Current Topics in Plant Physiology, American Society of Plant Physiologists Series, pp. 182–196

  • M. Dicke P. baarlen ParticleVan R. Wessels H. Dijkman (1993b) ArticleTitleHerbivory induces systemic production of plant volatiles that attract predators of the herbivore – extraction of endogenous elicitor J. Chem. Ecol. 19 581–599 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK3sXisFWls7w%3D

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • M. Dicke M. Hilker (2003) ArticleTitleInduced plant defences: from molecular biology to evolutionary ecology Basic Appl. Ecol. 4 3–14 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3sXit1Ghtrw%3D

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • R. Dolch T. Tscharntke (2000) ArticleTitleDefoliation of alders (Alnus glutinosa) affects herbivory by leaf beetles on undamaged neighbours Oecologia 125 504–511

    Google Scholar 

  • O. Eriksson L. Jerling (1990) Hierarchical selection and risk spreading in clonal plants J. Groenendael Particlevan H. Kroon Particlede (Eds) Clonal Growth in Plants: Regulation and Function SPB Academic publishing The Hague 79–94

    Google Scholar 

  • J.P. Evans (1991) ArticleTitleThe effect of resource integration on fitness related traits in a clonal dune perennial, Hydrocotyle bonariensis Oecologia 86 268–275

    Google Scholar 

  • J.P. Evans (1992) ArticleTitleThe effect of local resource availability and clonal integration on ramet functional morphology in Hydrocotyle bonariensis Oecologia 89 265–276

    Google Scholar 

  • J. Frantzen (1994) ArticleTitleThe role of clonal growth in the pathosystem Cirsium arvense – Puccinia punctiforis Can. J. Bot. 72 832–836

    Google Scholar 

  • S. Funayama I. Terashima (1999) ArticleTitleEffects of geminivirus infection and growth irradiance on the vegetative growth and photosynthetic production of Eupatorium makinoi New Phytol. 142 483–494

    Google Scholar 

  • G. García-Guzmán J.J. Burdon (1997) ArticleTitleImpact of the flower smut Ustilago cynodontis (Ustilaginaceae) on the performance of the clonal grass Cynodon dactylon (Gramineae) Am. J. Bot. 84 1565–1571

    Google Scholar 

  • A. Gibbs B. Harrison (1976) Effects of viruses on plants In Plant Virology. The Principles Edward Arnold London 19–32

    Google Scholar 

  • F. Gozzo (2003) ArticleTitleSystemic acquired resistance in crop protection: from nature to chemical approach Agric. Food Chem. 51 4487–4503 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3sXltVGgt7w%3D

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • K. Groppe T. Steinger I. Sanders B. Schmid A. Wiemken T. Boller (1999) ArticleTitleInteraction between the endophytic fungus Epichloë bromicola and the grass Bromus erectus: effects of endophyte infection, fungal concentration and environment on grass growth and flowering Mol. Ecol. 8 1827–1835 Occurrence Handle10620227

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • E. Guerrieri G.M. Poppy W. Powell R. Rao F. Pennacchio (2002) ArticleTitlePlant-to-plant communication mediating in-flight orientation of Aphidius ervi J. Chem. Ecol. 28 1703–1715 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD38Xns1Glsro%3D Occurrence Handle12449500

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • E. Haukioja K. Ruohomaki J. Senn J. Suomela M. Walls (1990) ArticleTitleConsequences of Herbivory in the Mountain Birch (Betula-Pubescens Ssp Tortuosa) – importance of the functional-organization of the tree Oecologia 82 238–247

    Google Scholar 

  • E. Haukioja (1991) ArticleTitleThe influence of grazing on the evolution, morphology and physiology of plants as modular organisms Philos. Trans. Roy. Soc. Lond. B Biol. Sci. 333 241–247

    Google Scholar 

  • M.J.M. Hay R. Sackville Hamilton (1996) ArticleTitleInfluence of xylem vascular architecture on the translocation of phosphorus from nodal roots in a genotype of Trifolium repens during undisturbed growth New Phytol. 132 575–582

    Google Scholar 

  • M. Heil (2001) ArticleTitleThe ecological concept of costs of induced systemic resistance (ISR) Eur. J. Plant Pathol. 107 137–146

    Google Scholar 

  • M. Heil (2002) ArticleTitleEcological costs of induced resistance Curr. Opin. Plant Biol. 5 345–350 Occurrence Handle12179969

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • T. Honkanen E. Haukioja (1998) ArticleTitleIntra-plant regulation of growth and plant–herbivore interactions Ecoscience 5 470–479

    Google Scholar 

  • T. Honkanen E. Haukioja V. Kitunen (1999) ArticleTitleResponses of Pinus sylvestris branches to simulated herbivory are modified by tree sink/source dynamics and by external resources Funct. Ecol. 13 126–140

    Google Scholar 

  • L. Jerling (1988) ArticleTitleClone dynamics, population dynamics and vegetation pattern of Glaux maritima on a Baltic sea shore meadow Vegetatio 74 171–185

    Google Scholar 

  • R.A.C. Jones (1992) ArticleTitleFurther studies on losses in productivity caused by infection of annual pasture legumes with three viruses Aust. J. Agric. Res. 43 1229–1241

    Google Scholar 

  • R. Karban I.T. Baldwin (1997) Induced responses to herbivory The University of Chicago Press Chicago

    Google Scholar 

  • R. Karban A.A. Agrawal J.S. Thaler L.S. Adler (1999) ArticleTitleInduced plant responses and information content about risk of herbivory Trends Ecol. Evol. 14 443–447 Occurrence Handle10511721

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • R. Karban I.T. Baldwin K.J. Baxter G. Laue G.W. Felton (2000) ArticleTitleCommunication between plants: induced resistance in wild tobacco plants following clipping of neighboring sagebrush Oecologia 125 66–71

    Google Scholar 

  • R. Karban J. Maron G.W. Felton G. Ervin H. Eichenseer (2003) ArticleTitleHerbivore damage to sagebrush induces resistance in wild tobacco: evidence for eavesdropping between plants Oikos 100 325–332

    Google Scholar 

  • C.K. Kelly (1995) ArticleTitleThoughts on clonal integration – facing the evolutionary context Evol. Ecol. 9 575–585

    Google Scholar 

  • W.D. Kemball C. Marshall (1995) ArticleTitleClonal integration between parent and branch stolon in white clover: a developmental study New Phytol. 129 513–521

    Google Scholar 

  • J.A. Kemperman B.V. Barnes (1976) ArticleTitleClone size in American aspens Can. J. Bot. 54 2603–2607

    Google Scholar 

  • T.M. Korves J. Bergelson (2003) ArticleTitleA developmental response to pathogen infection in Arabidopsis Plant Physiol. 133 339–347 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3sXntlaiuro%3D Occurrence Handle12970499

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • S.M. Leisner R. Turgeon (1993) ArticleTitleMovement of virus and photoassimilate in the phloem: a comparative analysis BioEssays 15 741–748 Occurrence Handle1:STN:280:ByuC387mtFQ%3D Occurrence Handle8292004

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • M. Lipsitch E.R. Moxon (1997) ArticleTitleVirulence and transmissibility of pathogens: What is the relationship? Trends Micr. 5 31–37 Occurrence Handle1:STN:280:ByiC2sjnt1M%3D

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • C.M. Lively (2001) ArticleTitlePropagule interactions and the evolution of virulence J. Evol. Biol. 14 317–324

    Google Scholar 

  • K. Magori B. Oborny U. Dieckmann G. Meszena (2003) ArticleTitleCooperation and competition in heterogeneous environments: the evolution of resource sharing in clonal plants Evol. Ecol. Res. 5 787–817

    Google Scholar 

  • K. Maleck R.A. Dietrich (2003) ArticleTitleDefense on multiple fronts: how do plants cope with diverse enemies? Trends Pl S 4 215–219

    Google Scholar 

  • C. Marshall (1990) Source–sink relations of interconnected ramets J. Groenendael Particlevan H. Kroon Particlede (Eds) Clonal Growth in Plants: Regulation and Function SPB Academic Publishing The Hague 23–41

    Google Scholar 

  • C. Marshall E.A.C. Price (1997) Sectoriality and its implications for physiological integration H. Kroon Particlede J. Groenendael Particlevan (Eds) The Ecology and Evolution of Clonal Plants Backhuys publishers Leiden 79–107

    Google Scholar 

  • S.W. Mattner D.G. Parbery (2001) ArticleTitleRust enhanced allelopathy of perennial ryegrass against white clover Agron. J. 93 54–59

    Google Scholar 

  • K.D. McCrea W.G. Abrahamson (1985) ArticleTitleEvolutionary impacts of the goldenrod ball gallmaker on Solidago altisima clones Oecologia 68 20–22

    Google Scholar 

  • B. Oborny T. Czaran A. Kun (2001) ArticleTitleExploration and exploitation of resource patches by clonal growth: a spatial model on the effect of transport between modules Ecol. Model 141 151–169

    Google Scholar 

  • B. Oborny A. Kun T. Czaran S. Bokros (2000) ArticleTitleThe effect of clonal integration on plant competition for mosaic habitat space Ecology 81 3291–3304

    Google Scholar 

  • E. Oinonen (1967) ArticleTitleThe correlation between the size of Finish bracken (Pteridium aquiliunum (L.) Kuhn.) clones and certain periods of history Acto Forestal Fennica 83 1–51

    Google Scholar 

  • J.J. Pan K. Clay (2002) ArticleTitleInfection by the systemic fungus Epichloë glyceriae and clonal growth of its host grass Glyceria striata Oikos 98 37–46

    Google Scholar 

  • E. Pichersky J. Gershenzon (2002) ArticleTitleThe formation and function of plant volatiles: perfumes for pollinator attraction and defense Curr. Opin. Plant Biol. 5 237–243 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD38XivVSmurc%3D Occurrence Handle11960742

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • J. Piqueras (1999) ArticleTitleInfection of Trientalis europaea by the systemic smut fungus Urocystis trientalis: disease incidence, transmission and effects on performance of host ramets J. Ecol. 87 995–1004

    Google Scholar 

  • J. Piqueras L. Klimes (1998) ArticleTitleDemography and modelling of clonal fragments in the pseudoannual plant Trientalis europaea L Plant Ecol. 136 213–227

    Google Scholar 

  • L.F. Pitelka J.W. Ashmun (1985) Physiology and integration of ramets in clonal plants J.B.C. Jackson (Eds) Population Biology and Evolution of Clonal Organisms Yale University Press New Haven 399–435

    Google Scholar 

  • L.R. Potter (1993) ArticleTitleThe effects of white clover mosaic virus on vegetative growth and yield of clones of S.100 white clover Plant Pathol. 42 797–805

    Google Scholar 

  • E.A. Price M.J. Hutchings C. Marshall (1996) ArticleTitleCauses and consequences of sectoriality in the clonal herb Glechoma hederacea Vegetatio 127 41–54

    Google Scholar 

  • E.A.C. Price C. Marshall M.J. Hutchings (1992) ArticleTitleStudies of growth in the clonal herb Glechoma-hederacea .1. Patterns of physiological integration J. Ecol. 80 25–38

    Google Scholar 

  • E.A.C. Price M.J. Hutchings (1992) ArticleTitleStudies of growth in the clonal herb Glechoma-hederacea .2. The effects of selective defoliation J. Ecol. 80 39–47

    Google Scholar 

  • F.A. Qureshi D.C. Spanner (1971) ArticleTitleUnidirectional movement of tracers along the stolon of Saxifraga sarmentosa Planta 101 133–146 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaE38XotlKmtA%3D%3D

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • F.A. Qureshi D.C. Spanner (1973) ArticleTitleMovement of [14C] sucrose along the stolon of Saxifraga sarmentosa Planta 110 145–152 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaE3sXhtVynsL8%3D

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • A.L. Roda I.T. Baldwin (2003) ArticleTitleMolecular technology reveals how the induced direct defenses of plants work Basic Appl. Ecol. 4 15–26 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3sXit1Ghtro%3D

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • B. Sampol J. Bota D. Riera H. Medrano J. Flexas (2003) ArticleTitleAnalysis of te virus- induced inhibition of photosynthesis in malmsey grapevines New Phytol. 160 403–412 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3sXpt1Ogtr4%3D

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • S.W. Shumway (1995) ArticleTitlePhysiological integration among clonal ramets during invasion of disturbance patches in a New England salt marsh Ann. Bot. 76 225–233

    Google Scholar 

  • T. Steinger Körner C. B. Schmid (1996) ArticleTitleLong-term persistence in a changing climate: DNA analysis suggests very old ages of clones of alpine Carex curvula Oecologia 105 94–99

    Google Scholar 

  • Stastwick P.E., Lehman C.C. (1999) Jasmonic acid-signaled responses in plants. In: Agrawal, A.A., Tuzun, S., Bent, E. (eds.): Induced plant defenses against pathogens and herbivores: biochemistry, ecology and agriculture. APS Press, pp. 117–136

  • J.W. Stratmann (2003) ArticleTitleLong distance run in the wound response – jasmonic acid is pulling ahead Trends Pl S 8 247–250 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3sXksF2htbY%3D

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • J.F. Stuefer (1996) ArticleTitlePotential and limitations of current concepts regarding the response of clonal plants to environmental heterogeneity Vegetatio 127 55–70 Occurrence Handle10.1007/BF00054847

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • J.F. Stuefer H. Kroon Particlede H.J. During (1996) ArticleTitleExploitation of environmental heterogeneity by spatial division of labour in a clonal plant Funct. Ecol. 10 328–334

    Google Scholar 

  • J.F. Stuefer H.J. During H. Kroon Particlede (1994) ArticleTitleHigh benefits of clonal integration in two stoloniferous species, in response to heterogeneous light environments J. Ecol. 82 511–518

    Google Scholar 

  • J.F. Stuefer H.J. During F. Schieving (1998) ArticleTitleA model on optimal root-shoot allocation and water transport in clonal plants Ecol. Model 111 171–186

    Google Scholar 

  • J.F. Stuefer M.J. Hutchings (1994) ArticleTitleEnvironmental heterogeneity and clonal growth: a study of the capacity for reciprocal translocation in Glechoma hederacea L Oecologia 100 302–308

    Google Scholar 

  • J. Takabayashi M. Dicke (1996) ArticleTitlePlant–carnivore mutualism through herbivore-induced carnivore attractants Trends Pl S 1 109–113

    Google Scholar 

  • Takabayashi J., Dicke M. (1997). Herbivore-induced plant volatiles with multifunctional effects in ecosystems: a complex pattern of biotic interactions. In T. Abe, S.A. Levin and M. Higashi (ed.) Biodiversity, an Ecological Perspective. Springer, pp. 131–145

  • J.S. Thaler R. Karban D.E. Ullman K. Boege R.M. Bostock (2002) ArticleTitleCross-talk between jasmonate and salicylate plant defense pathways: effects on several plant parasites Oecologia 131 227–235

    Google Scholar 

  • J.S. Thaler M.A. Farag P.W. Pare M. Dicke (2002) ArticleTitleJasmonate-deficient plants have reduced direct and indirect defences against herbivores Ecol. Lett. 5 764–774

    Google Scholar 

  • H. Thomas (2002) ArticleTitleAgeing in plants Mech. Ageing Dev. 123 747–753 Occurrence Handle11869732

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • G.A. Thompson A. Schulz (1999) ArticleTitleMacromolecular trafficking in the phloem Trends Pl S 4 354–360

    Google Scholar 

  • R. Tollrian C.D. Harvell (1999) The Ecology and Evolution of Inducible Defenses Princeton University Press Princeton

    Google Scholar 

  • M. Kleunen Particlevan J.F. Stuefer (1999) ArticleTitleQuantifying the effects of reciprocal assimilate and water translocation in a clonal plant by the use of steam-girdling Oikos 85 135–145

    Google Scholar 

  • R.W. Verburg H.J. During (1998) ArticleTitleVegetative propagation and sexual reproduction in the woodland understorey pseudo-annual Circaea lutetiana L Plant Ecol. 134 211–224

    Google Scholar 

  • T. Vuorisalo M.J. Hutchings (1996) ArticleTitleOn plant sectoriality, or how to combine the benefits of autonomy and integration Vegetatio 127 3–8

    Google Scholar 

  • P.M. Waterhouse M.-B. Wang T. Lough (2001) ArticleTitleGene silencing as an adaptive defence against viruses Nature 411 834–842 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3MXksF2gu7Y%3D Occurrence Handle11459066

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • M.A. Watson B.B. Casper (1984) ArticleTitleMorphogenetic constraints on patterns of carbon distribution in plants Annu. Rev. Ecol. Syst. 15 233–258

    Google Scholar 

  • A. Wennstrom (1999) ArticleTitleThe effect of systemic rusts and smuts on clonal plants in natural systems Plant Ecol. 141 93–97

    Google Scholar 

  • A. Wennström L. Ericson (1992) ArticleTitleEnvironmental heterogeneity and disease transmission within clones of Lactuca sibirica J. Ecol. 80 71–77

    Google Scholar 

  • T. Wilhalm (1995) ArticleTitleA comparative study of clonal fragmentation in tussock-forming grasses Abstracta Botanica 19 51–60

    Google Scholar 

  • U. Wittstock J. Gershenzon (2002) ArticleTitleConstitutive plant toxins and their role in defense against herbivores and pathogens Curr. Opin. Plant Biol. 5 300–307 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD38Xls1ejtLw%3D Occurrence Handle12179963

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Ecology, Radboud University Nijmegen, Toernooiveld 1, 6525ED, Nijmegen, The Netherlands

    Josef F. Stuefer, Sara Gómez & Tamara van Mölken

Authors
  1. Josef F. Stuefer
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Sara Gómez
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Tamara van Mölken
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Josef F. Stuefer.

Additional information

*All authors have contributed equally to the ideas and preparation of this manuscript

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Stuefer, J.F., Gómez, S. & Mölken, T.v. Clonal integration beyond resource sharing: implications for defence signalling and disease transmission in clonal plant networks. Evol Ecol 18, 647–667 (2004). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10682-004-5148-2

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10682-004-5148-2

Keywords

Search

Navigation