Abstract
Soil salinity is one of the major abiotic stresses that reduce agricultural productivity. The levels of salt concentration that are inimical to plant growth have already affected more than one-third of the irrigated land in the world. In order to utilize the vast saline costal lands present in sericulturally important countries in Asia, attempts have been made to develop salt resistant varieties in mulberry. Controlled crosses were made between salt resistant parents that were identified through both in vitro and in vivo screening. Ripened fruits were harvested, and the seeds extracted were germinated on agar-agar containing MS basal medium with 1.25% NaCl. Young seedlings were rescued and nurtured under normal growth conditions. Mature seedlings were transferred to field. Based on comparative performance on survival and growth under salinity, three hybrids namely SR1, SR2 and SR3 were selected and were subjected to detailed investigation using C776 as control. SR3 outperformed other hybrids and the control, hence, was selected for large scale field testing. The encouraging results have tremendous implications on expanding sericulture industry into the costal saline areas in tropical and subtropical regions in Asia.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Agarwall RR, Yadav JSP, Gupta RN (1982) Saline and alkaline soils of India. Indian Council of Agricultural Research, New Delhi, pp 157–190
Agastian STP, Vivekananda M (1997) Effect of induced salt stress on growth and uptake of mineral nutrients in mulberry (Morus alba) genotypes. Indian J Agricult Sci 67:469–472
Arnon DI (1949) Copper enzyme in isolated chloroplasts. Polyphenol oxidases in Beta vulgaris. Plant Physiol 24:1–15. doi:10.1104/pp.24.1.1
Bates LS, Waldren RP, Teare LD (1973) Rapid determination of free proline for water stress studies. Plant Soil 39:205–207. doi:10.1007/BF00018060
Boyer JS (1982) Plant productivity. Environ Sci 218:443–448
Chakraborti SP, Sen SK, Vijayan K, Roy BN, Saratchandra B (1999) Mulberry cultivation on coastal saline soil of West Bengal. India Silk 38:5–7
Chakraborti SP, Biswas CR, Vijayan K, Roy BN, Sartchandra B (2000) Evaluation of mulberry varieties for costal saline soils of West Bengal. Bull Indian Acad Sericult 4:41–45
Chaluvachari, Bongale UD (1995) Evaluation of leaf quality of some germplasm genotypes of mulberry through chemical analysis and bioassay with silkworm Bombyx mori L. Indian J Sericult 34:127–132
Chandra S (1980) In: Green JM, Nene YL, Smith JB (eds) Proceedings of the international workshop on chicken pea improvement, pp 97–105
Chaudhury MA et al (1987) Induced variability for salt tolerance in rice (Oryza sativa L.) after N-Methyl-N-Nitroson urea treatment of fertilized egg cells. Environ Exp Bot 27:29–35. doi:10.1016/0098-8472(87)90053-0
Das BC, Krishnaswami S (1965) Some observations on interspecific hybridization in mulberry. Indian J Sericult 4:1–4
Dhingra HR, Sharma PK (1993) Biochemical and mineral composition of young healthy and shrivelled mungbean (Vigna radiata L. Wikzek). Indian J Plant Physiol 36:115–117
Epstein E (1998) How calcium enhances plant salt tolerance. Science 280:1906–1907. doi:10.1126/science.280.5371.1906
Flowers TJ, Troke PF, Yeo AR (1977) The mechanism of salt tolerance in halophytes. Ann Rev Plant Physiol 28:89–121
Fukuda T, Sudo M, Matuda M, Hayashi T, Kurose T, Florrin YHM (1959) Formation of silk protein during the growth of silkworm larvae Bombyx mori L. Proceedings of the 4th international congress in Biochemistry (Insect), vol 12, pp 90–112
Garg BK, Kathju S, Vyas SP, Lahri AN (1997) Sensitivity of cluster bean to salt stress at various growth stage. Indian J Plant Physiol 2:49–53
Gökmen H (1973) Kapali Tohumlular. Sark Press, Ankara, p 186
Greenway H, Munns R (1980) Mechanism of salt tolerance in non-halophytes. Annu Rev Plant Physiol 31:149–190. doi:10.1146/annurev.pp.31.060180.001053
Jana MK, Slinkard AE (1976) Screening for salt tolerance in lentil. LENS 6:25–27
Kumar GS, Lakshmi A, Madhusudan KV, Ramanjulu S, Sudhakar C (1999) Photosynthesis parameters in two cultivars of mulberry differing in salt tolerance. Photosynthetica 36:611–616. doi:10.1023/A:1007008608217
Lowry OH, Rosebrough NJ, Farr AL, Randall R (1951) Protein measurements with folin-phenol reagent. J Biol Chem 193:265–275
Miralimov YUM (1979) Selection of high yielding salt-resistant mulberry hybrids in Karsli steppe. In: Materiala-zgo Ves, seminara soveshch-po genet-I. Selektsii shelkopryada i Shelkovitsy, pp 25–27
Morris DL (1948) Quantitative determination of carbohydrates with dreywood anthrone reagent. Science 107:254–255. doi:10.1126/science.107.2775.254
Mukherjee SK (1965) Breeding of mulberry in India by the use of a pollinator—the pollen-gun (a new Japanese device). Sci Cult 31:101–104
Ramanjulu S, Veeranjulu K, Sudhakar C (1993) Sodium, potassium and nitrogen status of some mulerry (Morus alba L.) cultivars under NaCl salinity. Indian J Plant Physiol Biochem 19:103–106
Ray D, Mondal LN, Pain AK, Mondal S (1973) Effect of NPK and farm yard manure on the yield and nutritive values of mulberry leaf. Indian J Sericult 12:7–12
Sleptsova TG, Balashova NN (1986) Pigment content of the leaves of tomato in relation to genotypes and environemetal conditions. Izvestiya Akaddemii Nauk Moldavskoi SSR Biologicheskikh I khmicheskikh Nauk 1:36–39
Tikader A, Dandin SB (2006) Maintenance and utilization of mulberry (Morus spp.) genetic resources. In: Proceedings of the reports at the international jubilee scientific conference “Problems of maintenance and utilization of mulberry and silkworm genetic resources”, Vratza, Bulgaria, 25–29 Sept 2006
Tikader A, Samsudin M, Vijayan K, Pavankumar T (1995) Survival potential in different varieties of mulberry (Morus species). India J Agricult Sci 65:133–135
Uprety DC, Sarin (1976) Physiological studies on salt tolerance in Pisum sativum L. Tonic composition and nitrogen metabolism. Acta Agron Acad Sci Hung 25:455–460
Vijayan K, Tikader A, Roy BN, Qadri SMH, Kumar TP (1997) Stigma receptivity studies in mulberry (Morus spp.). Sericologia 37:343–346
Vijayan K, Chakraborti SP, Ghosh PD (2003) In vitro screening of axillary buds for salinity tolerance in mulberry genotypes. Plant Cell Rep 22:350–357. doi:10.1007/s00299-003-0695-5
Vijayan K, Chakraborti SP, Ghosh PD (2004a) Screening of mulberry (Morus spp.) for salinity tolerance through in vitro seed germination. Indian J Biotechnol 3:47–51
Vijayan K, Chakraborty SP, Ghosh PD (2004b) Effect of salinity on seed germination in mulberry. Bull Ind Acad Sericult 8:61–68
Vijayan K, Chakraborti SP, Ercisli S, Ghosh PD (2008) NaCl induced morpho-biochemical and anatomical changes in mulberry (Morus spp.). Plant Growth Regul 56:61–69. doi:10.1007/s10725-008-9284-5
Weinberg R, Lerner HR, Pojkoff-Mayber A (1982) A relationship between potassium and proline accumulation in salt-stressed Sorghum bicolor. Physiol Plant 55:5. doi:10.1111/j.1399-3054.1982.tb00276.x
Winicova I, Seemann JR (1990) Expression of genes for photosynthesis and the relationship to salt tolerance of alfalfa (Medicago sativa) cells. Plant Cell Physiol 31:1155–1161
Yaltirik F (1982) Morus. In: Davis PH (ed) Flora of Turkey. Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh, p 641
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Vijayan, K., Doss, S.G., Chakraborti, S.P. et al. Breeding for salinity resistance in mulberry (Morus spp.). Euphytica 169, 403–411 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10681-009-9972-x
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10681-009-9972-x