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Genetic Analysis of Long Chain Synthesis in Rice Amylopectin

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Abstract

The amount of long chains (LC) of amylopectin in high-amylose rice is thought to be one of the important determinants of its quality when cooked. A wide range of differences in LC content have been reported in rice varieties, which can be clearly divided into four classes based on LC and apparent amylose content: namely, amylose and LC-free, low or medium-amylose and low-LC, high-amylose and medium-LC, high-amylose and high-LC. However, genetic factors controlling LC content have not been fully understood. Here, we performed quantitative trait loci (QTL) analysis of LC content using 157 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) derived from a cross of a low-LC cultivar, Hyogokitanishiki, and a high-LC line, Hokuriku 142. By analyzing randomly selected 15 RILs, it was shown that high LC content (≥11%) was associated with high setback viscosity (≥200 RVU), and that low LC (≤ 3%) was associated with low setback viscosity (≤ 130 RVU), as measured by a Rapid Visco Analyzer. With setback viscosity as an indicator for LC content, QTL analysis was conducted using 60 DNA markers including a CAPS marker that distinguished Wx a and Wx b alleles coding for granule-bound starch synthase I (GBSSI or Wx protein), the enzyme working for amylose biosynthesis. Only one QTL with a peak log of likelihood score at the wx locus was detected, and no line showing setback viscosity corresponding to the medium-LC class appeared. The fact that wx mutants of Hokuriku 142 lacked LC in their rice starch supports the view that the functional Wx allele is indispensable for LC synthesis in addition to amylose synthesis in rice endosperm. We suggest three possible reasons why no line with medium-LC content was observed. First, the locus (loci) responsible for generation of medium-LC may be located very close to the wx locus and not able to be dissected by the population and DNA markers we used. Second, there may be special QTLs for medium-LC cultivars that do not exist in low- or high-LC cultivars. Third, medium-LC cultivars may have an as-yet unidentified Wx allele with lower capability in LC synthesis compared to the Wx allele in high-LC cultivars.

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Abbreviations

CAPS:

cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence

DP:

degree of polymerization

HPAEC-PAD:

high performance anion exchange chromatography with pulsed amperometric detection

RILs:

recombinant inbred lines

RVA:

Rapid Visco Analyzer

LC:

long chains

SSR:

simple sequence repeats

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. National Institute of Crop Science, Tsukuba, 305-8518, Japan

    Noriaki Aoki, Takayuki Umemoto & Ushio Matsukura

  2. Hyogo Prefecture Research Center for Agriculture, Forestry & Fisheries, Kasai, 679-0198, Japan

    Shinya Yoshida

  3. Faculty of Agriculture, Kobe University, Kobe, 657-8501, Japan

    Takashige Ishii & Osamu Kamijima

  4. Department of Applied Biological Science, Fukuyama University, Fukuyama, 729-0292, Japan

    Naoyoshi Inouchi

  5. National Food Research Institute, Tsukuba, 305-8642, Japan

    Ushio Matsukura

Authors
  1. Noriaki Aoki
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  2. Takayuki Umemoto
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  3. Shinya Yoshida
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  4. Takashige Ishii
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  5. Osamu Kamijima
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  6. Ushio Matsukura
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  7. Naoyoshi Inouchi
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Correspondence to Takayuki Umemoto.

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Aoki, N., Umemoto, T., Yoshida, S. et al. Genetic Analysis of Long Chain Synthesis in Rice Amylopectin. Euphytica 151, 225–234 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10681-006-9144-1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10681-006-9144-1

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