Abstract
The knowledge on urban ecosystem dynamics is being increasingly felt due to unprecedented symptoms arising out of urbanization. This study is aimed to assess land use-land cover changes (LULCCs) around a wetland ecosystem using high spatial resolution CORONA and Google Basemap satellite imageries. The imageries were processed by digitizing land cover features at 1:3000 scale in ArcGIS 10.1. The imageries were classified into nine classes, and an estimation of accuracy was performed utilizing the Kappa coefficient and error matrices. The overall accuracy obtained was 94% for the 2017 dataset. The key findings indicated a loss of 23% in the wetland area from 1980 to 2017. While in the vicinity, a significant increase in green spaces (706.2%) and roads (89.4%) was observed. Morphometric analysis revealed that the wetland has lost a surface area of 10.2 ha from 1980 to 2017. The maximum length (Lmax) of the wetland was reduced by 722 m while the maximum width (Wmax) decreased by 78 m. Bathymetric analysis revealed that the wetland is shallow with a depth ranging from 10 to 174 cm. The Carlson’s Trophic State Index (TSI) of wetland ranging from 74 to 87 indicates hyper-eutrophic waters. Overall, the loss of wetland area, together with the reduction in morphometric features, low depth, and higher trophic status speak of anthropogenic pressures that are compromising the ecological integrity of this wetland. Therefore, landscape planning and governance are of pivotal importance for the conservation and management of wetland ecosystems in this region.
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Acknowledgements
Shahid Ahmad Dar is grateful to the University Grants Commission, New Delhi, for financially supporting this study (grant number 201819-MANF-2018-19-JAM-90477). The authors express gratitude to the United States Geological Survey (USGS) for freely hosting the satellite data available on https://earthexplorer.usgs.gov/. The comments and suggestions from Associate Editor and anonymous reviewer greatly helped improve the manuscript content and structure.
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This study is financially supported by the University Grants Commission (UGC), New Delhi (grant number 201819-MANF-2018–19-JAM-90477).
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Shahid Ahmad Dar: conceptualization, methodology, data curation, software, writing—original draft preparation. Irfan Rashid: supervision, writing—reviewing and editing. Sami Ullah Bhat: supervision, writing—reviewing, and editing.
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Dar, S.A., Rashid, I. & Bhat, S.U. Linking land system changes (1980–2017) with the trophic status of an urban wetland: Implications for wetland management. Environ Monit Assess 193, 710 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-021-09476-2
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-021-09476-2