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Expounding the origin of chromium in groundwater of the Sarigkiol basin, Western Macedonia, Greece: a cohesive statistical approach and hydrochemical study

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Abstract

The aim of this paper is to provide a methodology including statistical tools and spatial techniques, in order to identify the various potential sources of chromium (Crtot) in the Sarigkiol basin, Western Macedonia, Greece, where elevated concentrations of Crtot in groundwater have been recorded since 1996. Integrated hydrochemical approach and statistical analyses including Pearson’s correlation coefficient, multivariate statistical analyses (factor analysis and hierarchical cluster analysis), and spatial techniques (Moran’s I spatial autocorrelation index and bivariate local indicator spatial association cluster map) were applied to evaluate the chemical analyses of 73 water samples, from irrigation wells, natural springs, and surface water. Both natural and anthropogenic sources of Crtot were recorded; the first (ultramafic-dominated environment) is strongly depicted on the natural spring water, in which Crtot concentrations as high as ~ 130 μg/L were recorded, whereas the second (agricultural activities) acts synergistically in the irrigation wells of the Sarigkiol basin, in which strong correlations of Crtot, P, and NO3− were defined. The paper highlights its findings by outlining the potential sources of elevated concentrations of Cr6+ in the Sarigkiol basin, stressing the need for a closer attention on the role of agricultural activities as an important, though commonly neglected, anthropogenic source of Crtot in groundwater.

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Acknowledgments

Constructive suggestions by an anonymous reviewer are highly acknowledged. We thank Dr. Yu-Pin Lin for editorial handling. This research was carried out within the framework of the Research Project NTUA 623147

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  1. School of Mining and Metallurgical Engineering, Division of Geo-sciences, National Technical University of Athens, 9 Heroon Polytechniou St, 15773, Zografou, Greece

    Eleni Vasileiou, Panagiotis Papazotos & Maria Perraki

  2. Department of Mines Central Support, Hydrogeological Studies Section, Public Power Corporation of Greece (PPC), 29 Chalkokondili St, 10432, Athens, Greece

    Dimitrios Dimitrakopoulos

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Vasileiou, E., Papazotos, P., Dimitrakopoulos, D. et al. Expounding the origin of chromium in groundwater of the Sarigkiol basin, Western Macedonia, Greece: a cohesive statistical approach and hydrochemical study. Environ Monit Assess 191, 509 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-019-7655-1

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