Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Identification of mangrove water quality by multivariate statistical analysis methods in Pondicherry coast, India

  • Published:
Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Different multivariate statistical analysis such as, cluster analysis, principal component analysis, and multidimensional scale plot were employed to evaluate the trophic status of water quality for four monitoring stations. The present study was carried out to determine the physicochemical parameters of water and sediment characteristics of Pondicherry mangroves—southeast coast of India, during September 2008–December 2010. Seasonal variations of different parameters investigated were as follows: salinity (10.26–35.20 psu), dissolved oxygen (3.71–5.33 mg/L), pH (7.05–8.36), electrical conductivity (26.41–41.33 ms−1), sulfide (1.98–40.43 mg/L), sediment texture sand (39.54–87.31%), silt (9.89–32.97%), clay (3.06–31.20%), and organic matter (0.94–4.64%). pH, temperature, salinity, sand, silt, clay, and organic matter indicated a correlation at P < 0.01. CA grouped the four seasons in to four groups (pre-monsoon, monsoon, post-monsoon, summer) and the sampling sites in to three groups. PCA identified the spatial and temporal characteristics of trophic stations and showed that the water quality was worse in stations 3 and 4 in the Pondicherry mangroves.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10
Fig. 11
Fig. 12

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Ajithkumar, T. T., Thangaradjou, T., & Kannan, L. (2006). Physico-chemical and biological properties of the Muthupettai mangrove in Tamil Nadu. Journal of Marine Biological Association of India, 48, 131–138.

    Google Scholar 

  • Alberto, W. D., Del Pilar, D. M., Valeria, A. M., Fabiana, P. S., Cecilia, H. A., & De Los Angeles, B. M. (2001). Pattern recognition techniques for the evaluation of spatial and temporal variations in water quality. A case study: Suquia River basin (Cordoba—Argentina). Water Research, 35, 2881–2894.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ananthan, G. A., Sampathkumar, P., Soundarapandian, P., & Kannan, L. (2005). Observation on environmental characteristics of Ariyankuppam estuary and Veerampattinam coast of Pondicherry, India. Journal of Aquatic Biology, 19, 67–72.

    Google Scholar 

  • Anilakumary, K. S., Abdul Aziz, P. K., & Natrajan, P. (2007). Water quality of the Adimalathma estuary, southwest coast of India. Journal of Marine Biological Association of India, 49, 1–6.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ashok Prabu, V., Rajkumar, M., & Perumal, P. (2008). Seasonal variations in physico-chemical parameters in Uppanar estuary, Cuddalore Southeast coast of India. Journal of Marine Biological Association of India, 50, 161–165.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bierman, P., Lewis, M., Ostendrof, B., & Tanner, J. (2009). A review of methods for analysing spatial and temporal patterns in coastal water quality. Ecological Indicators. doi:10.1016/j.ecolind.2009.11.001.

  • El Wakeel, S. K., & Riley, J. P. (1957). The determinations of organic carbon in marine muds. Conseil Permanent International pour. Exploration de Mer Journal, 22, 180–183.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ghoshal Chaudhuri, S., Dinesh, R., Sheeja, T. E., Rajal, R., Jeykumar, V., & Srivastava, R. C. (2009). Physico-chemical, biochemical and microbial characteristics of soils of mangroves of the Andamans: a post-tsunami analysis. Current Science, 97, 98–102.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gopakumar, G., & Kuttyamma, V. J. (1999). Effect of hydrogen sulphide on benthic fauna of a tropical estuary. Fishery Technology, 36, 43–47.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Herrera-Silveira, J. A., & Morales-Ojeda, S. M. (2009). Evaluation of the health status of a coastal ecosystem in southeast Mexico: assessment of water quality, phytoplankton and submerged aquatic vegetation. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 59, 72–86.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hynes, H. B. N. (1966). The biology of polluted waters. Liverpool: Liverpool University Press. 202 pages.

    Google Scholar 

  • Iscen, C. F., Emiroglu, O., Ilhan, S., Arslan, N., Yilmaz, V., & Ahiska, S. (2008). Application of multivariate statistical techniques in the assessment of surface water quality in Uluabat Lake, Turkey. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 144, 269–276.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Karydis, M. (1992). Scaling methods in assessing environmental quality: A methodological approach to eutrophication. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 22(2), 123–136.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Krumbein, W. C., & Pettijohn, F. J. (1983). Manual of sedimentary petrography. New York: Appleton Century Crafts Inc.. 549 pages.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kumar, S. R. (1997). Vertical distribution and abundance of sediment dwelling macro invertebrates in an estuarine mangrove biotope-south west coast of India. Indian Journal of Marine Sciences, 22, 235–240.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lattin, J., Carroll, D., & Green, P. (2003). Analyzing multivariate data. New York: Duxbury press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Manjappa, H., Gowda, G., Rajesh, K. M., & Miridula. (2003). Sediment characteristics of mangrove areas of brackishwater impoundments. Indian Journal of Fisheries, 50(3), 349–354.

    Google Scholar 

  • Paramasivam, S., & Kannan, L. (2005). Physico chemical characteristics of Muthupettai Mangrove environment South east coast of India. International Journal of Ecology and Environmental Science, 31, 273–278.

    Google Scholar 

  • Quadir, A., Malik, R. N., & Husain, S. Z. (2007). Spatio-temporal variations in water quality of Nullah Aik–tributary of the river Chenab, Pakistan. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 140, 1–3.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ragno, G., De Luca, M., & Ioele, G. (2007). An application of cluster analysis and multivariate classification methods to spring water monitoring data. Micro chemical Journal, 87, 119–127.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rajasegar, M. (2003). Physico-chemical characteristics of the Vellar estuary in relation to shrimp farming. Journal of Environmental Biology, 24, 95–101.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Raut, Ganesh, T., Murty, N. V. S. S., & Raman, A. V. (2005). Macro benthos of Kakinada Bay in the Godavari delta, East coast of India: comparing decadal changes. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 62, 609–620.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Saravanakumar, A., Rajkumar, M., Sesh Serebiah, J., & Thivakaran, G. A. (2008). Seasonal variations in physico-chemical characteristics of water, sediment and soil texture in arid zone mangroves of Kachchh-Gujarat. Journal of Environmental Biology, 29, 725–732.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Shrestha, S., & Kazama, F. (2007). Assessment of surface water quality using multivariate statistical techniques: a case study of the Fuji river basin, Japan. Environmental Modeling and Software, 22, 464–475.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Simeonov, V., Stratis, J. A., Samara, C., Zachariadis, G., Voutsa, D., Anthemidis, A., et al. (2003). Assessment of the surface water quality in Northern Greece. Water Research, 37, 4119–4124.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Singh, K. P., Malik, A., Mohan, D., & Sinha, S. (2004). Multivariate statistical techniques for the evaluation of spatial and temporal variations in water quality of Gomti River (India)—a case study. Water Research, 38, 3980–3992.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Singh, K. P., Malik, A., & Sinha, S. (2005). Water quality assessment and apportionment of pollution sources of Gomti River (India) using multivariate statistical techniques—a case study. Analytica Chimica Acta, 538, 355–374.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Strickland, J. D. H., & Parsons, T. R. (1972). A Practical hand book of seawater analysis. Bulletin Fisheries Research Board Canada, pp. 310.

  • Sundaray, S. K., Panda, U. C., Nayak, B. B., & Bhatta, D. (2006). Multivariate statistical techniques for the evaluation of spatial and temporal variation in water quality of Mahanadi River–estuarine system (India)—a case study. Environmental Geochemistry and Health, 28, 317–330.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sunil Kumar, R. (1996). Distribution of organic carbon in the sediments of Cochin mangroves, south west coast of India. Indian Journal of Marine Science, 25, 56–61.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vega, M., Pardo, R., Barrato, E., & Deban, L. (1998). Assessment of seasonal and polluting effects on the quality of river water by exploratory data analysis. Water Research, 32, 3581–3592.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wang, Y. S., Lou, Z. P., Sun, C. C., Wu, M. L., & Han, S. H. (2006). Multivariate statistical analysis of water quality and phytoplankton characteristics in Daya Bay, China, from 1999 to 2002. Oceanologia, 48, 193–211.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wu, M. L., Wang, Y. S., Sun, C. C., Wang, H. L., & Dong, J. D. (2009). Using chemometrics to identify water quality in Day Bay, China. Oceanologia, 52, 217–232.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wunderlin, D. A., Diaz, M. P., Ame, M. V., Pesce, S. F., Hued, A. C., & Bistoni, M. A. (2001). Pattern recognition techniques for the evaluation of spatial and temporal variations in water quality. A case study: Suquira river basin (Cordoba— Argentina). Water Research, 35, 1894–2881.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zhou, F., Guo, H. C., Liu, Y., & Jiang, Y. M. (2007). Chemometrics data analysis of marine water quality and source identification in Southern Hong Kong. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 54, 745–756.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

Authors thank the University Grants Commission, Government of India for the financial support and Pondicherry University administration for providing necessary facilities.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, 605014, India

    P. Satheeshkumar & Anisa B. Khan

  2. Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Kochi, Kerala, 682018, India

    P. Satheeshkumar

Authors
  1. P. Satheeshkumar
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Anisa B. Khan
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to P. Satheeshkumar.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Satheeshkumar, P., Khan, A.B. Identification of mangrove water quality by multivariate statistical analysis methods in Pondicherry coast, India. Environ Monit Assess 184, 3761–3774 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-011-2222-4

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-011-2222-4

Keywords

Search

Navigation