Skip to main content
Log in

Measuring the consumer engagement related to social media: the case of franchising

  • Published:
Electronic Commerce Research Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The appearance of social media has fostered consumers chatting with each other, comparing and recommending products and services. In the case of franchising, social media take on a yet greater importance due to brands having to achieve the expansion of their chains selecting new franchisees. The aim of this paper is, on the one hand, to analyze the activity of franchise chains in social media -Facebook and Twitter- and, on the other hand, to measure the engagement which social media users show with franchise brands or chains. Quantitative data from Spanish franchisors (N = 53 and N = 46) was collected by means of the Fanpage Karma and Twitonomy tools. The PRGS model and statistical tests were used for the analysis of the data. The results show that the activity of the chains in social media is different according to the sector in which the chain is operating. Conclusions are also drawn regarding the characteristics of franchising chains.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Fig. 1

Similar content being viewed by others

Notes

  1. In this paper, real estate agent refers to a person or business that arranges the selling, renting or management of properties and buildings. There is a high competitiveness in the Spanish property market. Spain is a popular destination for many tourists looking for holiday homes in the sun. Also, many people try to buy a property in the coastal areas.

References

  1. AEF (2019). Asociación Española de Franquiciadores. www.franquiciadores.com.

  2. Achen, R. (2016). Examining the influence of Facebook fans, content, and engagement on business outcomes in the National Basketball Association. Journal of Social Media for Organizations, 3(1), 1–15.

    Google Scholar 

  3. Ali, I., Khan, S. U. R., & Rehman, I. U. (2013). How corporate social responsibility and corporate reputation influence employee engagement? Transformations in Business & Economics, 12(1A), 354–364.

    Google Scholar 

  4. Ashley, C., & Tuten, T. (2015). Creative strategies in social media marketing: An exploratory study of branded social content and consumer engagement. Psychology and Marketing, 32(1), 15–27.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Barger, V. A., Labrecque, L. (2013). An Integrated Marketing Communications Perspective on Social Media Metrics. International Journal of Integrated Marketing Communications, Spring 2013. Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=2280132.

  6. Bijmolt, T. H. A., Leeflang, P. S. H., Block, F., Eisenbeiss, M., Hardie, B. G. S., Lemmens, A., & Saffert, P. (2010). Analytics for customer engagement. Journal of Service Research, 13(3), 341–356.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Blancas-Peral, F. J., Contreras, I., & Ramírez-Hurtado, J. M. (2014). Choosing a travel agency franchise by mean of a global composite indicator: An application in Spain. Journal of Business Economics and Management, 15(1), 153–173.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Bowden, J. L. (2009). The process of customer engagement: A conceptual framework. The Journal of Marketing Theory and Practice, 17(1), 63–74.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Brodie, R. J., Hollebeek, L. D., Jurić, B., & Ilić, A. (2011). Customer engagement. Journal of Service Research, 14(3), 252–271.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Brodie, R. J., Roderick, J., Ilic, A., Juric, B., & Hollebeek, L. D. (2013). Consumer engagement in a virtual brand community: An exploratory analysis. Journal of Business Research, 66(1), 105–114.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Cambra, J., Melero, I., & Sese, F. J. (2012). Aproximación al concepto de engagement: Un estudio exploratorio en el sector de la telefonía móvil. Universia Business Review, 1(33), 84–103.

    Google Scholar 

  12. Cambra, J., Melero, I., & Sese, F. J. (2016). Can complaint-handling efforts promote customer engagement? Service Business, 10, 847–866.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Castelló Martínez, A., & Monserrat-Gauchi, J. (2012). La comunicación digital de la empresa de franquicia: Uso y presencia en los medios sociales. AdComunica, 3, 105–124.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Chan-Olmsted, S., Wolter, L.-C., & Wang, R. (2017). Toward a Multidimensional Framework of Media Engagement: Conceptualizing Consumer Experience and Connection with Media Content in a Digital Environment. Media Engagement Framework. Conference paper of the Emma 2017.

  15. Dahlgren, P. (2006). Civic participation and practices: Beyond “deliberative democracy.” In N. Carpentier (Ed.), Researching media, democracy and participation (23–34). Tartu University Press.

  16. Dant, R.P., Manish K, Anne T. C., & Jamie, E. (2007). A Cointegration Analysis of the Correlates of Performance in Franchised Channels, 169–189, in Economics and management of networks: Franchising, strategic alliances, and cooperatives. Gérard Cliquet, George Hendrikse, Mika Tuunanen and Josef Windsperger (ed). Heidelberg: Physica-Verlag HD.

  17. De Vries, L., Gensler, S., & Leeflang, P. S. H. (2012). Popularity of brand posts on brand fan pages: An investigation of the effects of social media marketing. Journal of Interactive Marketing, 26, 83–91.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Dessart, L. (2017). Social media engagement: A model of antecedents and relational outcomes. Journal of Marketing Management, 33(5–6), 375–399.

    Google Scholar 

  19. Dessart, L., Velooutsou, C., & Morgan-Thomas, A. (2015). Consumer engagement in online brand communities: A social media perspective. Journal of Product & Brand Management, 24(1), 28–42.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Dolan, R., Conduit, J., Fahy, J., & Goodman, S. (2015). Social media engagement behaviour: A uses and gratifications perspective. Journal of Strategic Marketing, 24(3–4), 261–277.

    Google Scholar 

  21. Fernandes, T., & Remelhe, P. (2015). How to engage customers in co-creation: customers’ motivations for collaborative innovation. Journal of Strategic Marketing, 24(3/4), 311–326.

    Google Scholar 

  22. Flaherty, S. J., McCarthy, M. B., Collins, A. M., & McAuliffe, F. M. (2019). A different perspective on consumer engagement: Exploring the experience of using health apps to support healthier food purchasing. Journal of Marketing Management, 35(3–4), 310–337.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Fombrun, C. (1996). Reputation. Boston, USA: Harvard Business School Press.

    Google Scholar 

  24. Füller, J., Matzler, K., & Hoppe, M. (2008). Brand community members as a source of innovation. Journal of Product Innovation Management, 25(6), 608–619.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. Gambetti, R., & Graffigna, G. (2010). The concept of engagement. International Journal of Market Research, 52(6), 801–826.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. Giraldo Cardona, C., & Martínez María-Dolores, S. (2016). Análisis de la actividad y presencia en Facebook y otras redes sociales de las principales cadenas hoteleras españolas. Revista de Ocio y Turismo, 11, 35–49.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. Guesalaga, R. (2016). The use of social media in sales: Individual and organizational antecedents, and the role of customer engagement in social media. Industrial Marketing Management, 54, 71–79.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. Gurau, C. (2008). Integrated online marketing communication: implementation and management. Journal of Communication Management, 12, 169–184.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. He, W., Zha, S., & Li, L. (2013). Social media competitive analysis and text mining: A case study in the pizza industry. International Journal of Information Management, 3(3), 464–472.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  30. Herrando, C., Jiménez-Martínez, J., & Martín-De Hoyos, M. J. (2017). Passion at first sight: How to engage users in social commerce contexts. Electronic Commerce Research, 17, 701–720.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  31. Herrera-Torres, L., Pérez-Tur, F., García-Fernández, J., & Fernández-Gavira, J. (2017). El uso de las redes sociales y el engagement de los clubes de la Liga Endesa ACB. Cuadernos de Psicología del Deporte, 17(3), 175–182.

    Google Scholar 

  32. Hodis, M. A., Sriramachandramurthy, R., & Sashittal, H. C. (2015). Interact with me on my terms: A four segment Facebook engagement framework for marketers. Journal of Marketing Management, 31(11–12), 1255–1284.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  33. Hollebeek, L. D. (2011). Exploring customer brand engagement: Definition and themes. Journal of Strategic Marketing, 19(7), 555–573.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  34. Hollebeek, L. D. (2011). Demystifying customer engagement: Exploring the loyalty nexus. Journal of Marketing Management, 27(7–8), 785–807.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  35. Hollebeek, L. D., Conduit, J., & Brodie, R. J. (2016). Strategic drivers, anticipated and unanticipated outcomes of customer engagement. Journal of Marketing Management, 32(5–6), 393–398.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  36. Hollebeek, L. D., Glynn, M. S., & Brodie, R. J. (2014). Consumer brand engagement in social media: Conceptualization, scale development and validation. Journal of Interactive Marketing, 28(2), 149–165. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intmar.2013.12.002.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  37. IAB (2015) PRGS: El modelo para estudiar la Actividad de las marcas en los medios sociales. Retrieved 30 September 2019 from https://www.reasonwhy.es/reportaje/prgs-el-modelo-para-estudiar-la-actividad-de-las-marcas-en-medios-sociales.

  38. IAB. (2016). Estudio anual de redes sociales. Spain: Interactive Adverstising Bureau.

    Google Scholar 

  39. IAB. (2018). Observatorio de marcas en redes sociales. Spain: Interactive Advertising Bureau.

    Google Scholar 

  40. IAB (2019). Estudio anual de redes sociales. Retrieved 20 October 2019 from [https://iabspain.es/wp-content/uploads/estudio-anual-redes-sociales-iab-spain-2019_vreducida.pdf].

  41. Jung, W., Yang, S., & Kim, H. (2020). Design of sweepstakes-based social media marketing for online customer engagement. Electronic Commerce Research, 20, 119–146.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  42. Jussila, J. J., Kärkkäinen, H., & Aramo-Immonen, H. (2014). Social media utilization in business-to-business relationships of technology industry firms. Computers in Human Behavior, 30, 606–613.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  43. Kabadayi, S., & Price, K. (2014). Consumer – brand engagement on Facebook: Liking and commenting behaviors. Journal of Research in Interactive Marketing, 8(3), 203–223.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  44. Kumar, V., Aksoy, L., Donkers, B., Venkatesan, R., Wiesel, T., & Tillmanns, S. (2010). Undervalued or overvalued customers: Capturing total customer engagement value. Journal of Service Research, 13(3), 297–310.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  45. Lipsman, A., Mudd, G., Rich, M., & Bruich, S. (2012). The power of like: How brands reach (and influence) fans through social-media marketing. Journal of Advertising Research, 52(1), 40–52.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  46. Malthouse, E., & Hofacker, Ch. (2010). Looking back and looking forward with interactive marketing. Journal of Interactive Marketing, 24(3), 181–184.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  47. Mohr, J. J., Fisher, R. J., & Nevin, J. R. (1996). Collaborative communication in interfirm relationships: Moderating effects of integration and control. Journal of Marketing, 60(3), 103–115.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  48. Murphy, P. (2010). The intractability of reputation: Media coverage as a complex system in the case of Martha Stewart. Journal of Public Relations Research, 22(2), 209–237.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  49. Oh, Ch., Roumani, Y., Nwankpa, J. K., & Hu, H.-F. (2017). Beyond likes and tweets: Consumer engagement behavior and movie box office in social media. Information & Management, 54, 25–37.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  50. Oliveira, M. J., Huertas, M. K. Z., & Lin, Z. (2016). Factors driving young users’ engagement with Facebook: Evidence from Brazil. Computers in Human Behavior, 54, 54–61.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  51. Oviedo-García, M. A., Muñoz-Expósito, M., Castellanos-Verdugo, M., & Sancho-Mejías, M. (2014). Metric proposal for customer engagement in Facebook. Journal of Research in Interactive Marketing, 8(4), 327–344.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  52. Paine, K. D. (2011). Measure what matters: Online tools for understanding customers, social media, engagement, and key relationships. Hoboken: Wiley.

    Google Scholar 

  53. Palmatier, R. W., Jarvis, C. B., Bechkoff, J. R., & Kardes, F. R. (2009). The role of customer gratitude in relationship marketing. Journal of Marketing, 73, 1–18.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  54. Perrigot, R., Hussain, D., & Windsperger, J. (2015). An investigation into independent small business owners’ perception of franchisee relationships. International Journal of Retail & Distribution Management, 43(8), 693–711.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  55. Ramírez-Hurtado, J. M., & Contreras, I. (2017). Efficiency of travel agency franchises: A study in Spain. Service Business, 11(4), 717–739.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  56. Safón, V., & Escribá, A. (2011). Antecedents and consequences of external risk perception in franchising: Evidence from the hospitality industry. Service Business, 5, 237–257.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  57. Schivinski, B., Christodoulides, G., & Dabrowski, D. (2016). Measuring consumers’ engagement with brand-related social-media content. Journal of Advertising Research, 56(1), 64–80.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  58. Schreiner, M., Fischer, T., & Riedl, R. (2019). Impact of content characteristics and emotion on behavioral engagement in social media: Literature review and research agenda. Electronic Commerce Research. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10660-019-09353-8.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  59. Scolari, C. A. (2008). Hacia la hipertelevisión. Los primeros síntomas de una nueva configuración del dispositivo televisivo. Diálogos de la comunicación, 77, 1-9. http://dialogosfelafacs.net/wp-content/uploads/2015/77/77-revista-dialogos-hacia-la-hipertelevision.pdf.

  60. Shane, S., Shankar, V., & Aravindakshan, A. (2006). The effects of new franchisor partnering strategies on franchise system size. Management Science, 5, 773–787.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  61. Simon, S., Brexendorf, T. O., & Fassnacht, M. (2016). The impact of external social and internal personal forces on consumers’ brand community engagement on Facebook. Journal of Product & Brand Management, 25(5), 409–423.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  62. Sobaci, M. Z., & Hatipoǧlu, I. (2017). Measuring the engagement level of political parties with public on Facebook: The case of Turkey. In Proceedings of the 7th international conference for E-democracy and open government, CeDEM 2017 (pp. 209–216).

  63. Tafesse, W. (2015). Content strategies and audience response on Facebook brand pages. Marketing Intelligence & Planning, 33(6), 927–943.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  64. Tafesse, W. (2016). An experiential model of consumer engagement in social media. Journal of Product & Brand Management, 25(5), 424–434.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  65. Triantafillidou, A., Lappas, G., Yannas, P., & Kleftodimos, A. (2015). Facebook Engagement and Greek Local Municipal Governments. In P. Parycek and N. Edelmann (Eds.), CeDEM15 Conference for E-Democracy and Open Government (pp. 39–52). Edition Donau-Universität Krems.

  66. Van Doorn, J., Lemon, K. N., Mittal, V., Nass, S., Pick, D., Pirner, P., & Verhoef, P. (2010). Customer engagement behavior: Theoretical foundations and research directions. Journal of Service Research, 13, 253–266.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  67. Vivek, S. D. (2009). A Scale of Consumer Engagement, Doctor of Philosophy Dissertation. Department of Management & Marketing: Graduate School-The University of Alabama, UMI.

    Google Scholar 

  68. Vivek, S. D., Beatty, S. E., & Morgan, R. M. (2012). Customer engagement: Exploring customer relationships beyond purchase. The Journal of Marketing Theory and Practice, 20(2), 122–146.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  69. Voorveld, H. A. M., Van Noort, G., Muntinga, D. G., & Bronner, F. (2018). Engagement with social Media and social Media advertising: The differentiating role of platform type. Journal of Advertising, 47(1), 38–54.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  70. Wiersema, F. (2013). The B2B agenda: The current state of B2B marketing and a look ahead. Industrial Marketing Management, 42(4), 470–488.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  71. Yang, S., Lin, S., Carlson, J. R., & Ross, W. T., Jr. (2016). Brand engagement on social media: Will firms’ social media efforts influence search engine advertising effectiveness? Journal of Marketing Management, 32(5–6), 526–557.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

The authors would like to thank the three anonymous reviewers for their valuable comments and suggestions to improve the quality of the paper.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to José M. Ramírez-Hurtado.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Calderón-Monge, E., Ramírez-Hurtado, J.M. Measuring the consumer engagement related to social media: the case of franchising. Electron Commer Res 22, 1249–1274 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10660-021-09463-2

Download citation

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10660-021-09463-2

Keywords

Navigation