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Pre-symptomatic detection of Plasmopara viticola infection in grapevine leaves using chlorophyll fluorescence imaging

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Abstract

Plasmopara viticola is an economically important pathogen of grapevine. Early detection of P. viticola infection can lead to improved fungicide treatment. Our study aimed to determine whether chlorophyll fluorescence (Chl-F) imaging can be used to reveal early stages of P. viticola infection under conditions similar to those occurring in commercial vineyards. Maximum (FV/FM) and effective quantum yield of photosystem II (ΦPSII) were identified as the most sensitive reporters of the infection. Heterogeneous distribution of FV/FM and ΦPSII in artificially inoculated leaves was associated with the presence of the developing mycelium 3 days before the occurrence of visible symptoms and 5 days before the release of spores. Significant changes of FV/FM and ΦPSII were spatially coincident with localised spots of inoculation across the leaf lamina. Reduction of FV/FM was restricted to the leaf area that later yielded sporulation, while the area with significantly lower ΦPSII was larger and probably reflected the leaf parts in which photosynthesis was impaired. Our results indicate that Chl-F can be used for the early detection of P. viticola infection. Because P. viticola does not expand systemically in the host tissues and the effects of infection are localised, Chl-F imaging at high resolution is necessary to reveal the disease in the field.

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Abbreviations

CCD:

charged coupled device

Chl-F:

chlorophyll fluorescence

CI:

combinatorial imaging

dpi:

days post-inoculation

F0 :

minimum chlorophyll fluorescence yield in dark-adapted state

FM :

maximum chlorophyll fluorescence yield in dark-adapted state

FM1` FM2`, FM3`, FM4 :

maximum chlorophyll fluorescence yield in light-adapted state measured in 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th saturating pulse

FV :

variable chlorophyll fluorescence yield in dark-adapted state

FP :

maximum chlorophyll fluorescence yield measured when the actinic light is switched on

FS :

steady-state chlorophyll fluorescence yield in light-adapted state

Ft :

actual chlorophyll fluorescence yield at a particular time

FV/FM :

maximum quantum yield of photosystem II photochemistry

ΦPSII :

effective quantum yield of photosystem II photochemistry

HL:

high light

IF:

infected area

LED:

Light Emitting Diode

LL:

low light

MIF:

mesophyll-invaded area

NIF:

non-infected area

PSII:

photosystem II

NPQ:

non-photochemical quenching of chlorophyll fluorescence

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by grants AV0Z60870520 (ISBE ASCR), 2B06068 (ISBE ASCR) and MSM6007665808 (IPB USB) awarded by the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic and Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic, and also funded by the Regional Administration of Friuli Venezia Giulia (Italy). The published data resulted also from preliminary experiments for the project 522/09/1565 funded by the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic. The authors thank Vítězslav Březina for advice in statistical analysis and Courtney Coleman for proof reading.

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  1. Benedetto Ruperti

    Present address: Dipartimento di Agronomia Ambientale e Produzioni Vegetali, University of Padua, viale dell’Università 16, Legnaro, 35122, Padua, Italy

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratory of Physiology and Ecology, Department of Biological Dynamics, Institute of Systems Biology and Ecology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Zámek 136, CZ-37333, Nové Hrady, Czech Republic

    Ladislav Cséfalvay, Karel Matouš & Julie Olejníčková

  2. Department of Systems Biology, Institute of Physical Biology, University of South Bohemia, Zámek 136, CZ-37333, Nové Hrady, Czech Republic

    Ladislav Cséfalvay, Karel Matouš & Julie Olejníčková

  3. Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Ambientali, University of Udine, via delle Scienze 208, 33100, Udine, Italy

    Gabriele Di Gaspero, Diana Bellin & Benedetto Ruperti

  4. Istituto di Genomica Applicata, Parco Scientifico e Tecnologico Luigi Danieli, via Jacopo Linussio 51, 33100, Udine, Italy

    Gabriele Di Gaspero

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  1. Ladislav Cséfalvay
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Correspondence to Ladislav Cséfalvay.

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Cséfalvay, L., Di Gaspero, G., Matouš, K. et al. Pre-symptomatic detection of Plasmopara viticola infection in grapevine leaves using chlorophyll fluorescence imaging. Eur J Plant Pathol 125, 291–302 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10658-009-9482-7

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10658-009-9482-7

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