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Radiation risk of central nervous system tumors in the Life Span Study of atomic bomb survivors, 1958–2009

  • RADIATION EPIDEMIOLOGY
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Abstract

Radiation exposure is among the few factors known to be associated with risk of central nervous system (CNS) tumors. However, the patterns of radiation risk by histological type, sex or age are unclear. We evaluated radiation risks of first primary glioma, meningioma, schwannoma, and other or not otherwise specified (other/NOS) tumors in the Life Span Study cohort of atomic bomb survivors. Cases diagnosed between 1958 and 2009 were ascertained through population-based cancer registries in Hiroshima and Nagasaki. To estimate excess relative risk per Gy (ERR/Gy), we fit rate models using Poisson regression methods. There were 285 CNS tumors (67 gliomas, 107 meningiomas, 49 schwannomas, and 64 other/NOS tumors) among 105,444 individuals with radiation dose estimates to the brain contributing 3.1 million person-years of observation. Based on a simple linear model without effect modification, ERR/Gy was 1.67 (95% confidence interval, CI: 0.12 to 5.26) for glioma, 1.82 (95% CI: 0.51 to 4.30) for meningioma, 1.45 (95% CI: − 0.01 to 4.97) for schwannoma, and 1.40 (95% CI: 0.61 to 2.57) for all CNS tumors as a group. For each tumor type, the dose–response was consistent with linearity and appeared to be stronger among males than among females, particularly for meningioma (P = 0.045). There was also evidence that the ERR/Gy for schwannoma decreased with attained age (P = 0.002). More than 60 years after the bombings, radiation risks for CNS tumors continue to be elevated. Further follow-up is necessary to characterize the lifetime risks of specific CNS tumors following radiation exposure.

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Funding

The Radiation Effects Research Foundation (RERF), Hiroshima and Nagasaki, Japan is a public interest foundation funded by the Japanese Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare (MHLW) and the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE). The research was also funded in part through DOE award DE-HS0000031 to the National Academy of Sciences and contract HHSN261201400009C through the U.S. National Cancer Institute (NCI), with additional support from the Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics in the NCI Intramural Research Program. This publication was supported by RERF Research Protocol 1-75 and 18-61.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Radiation Effects Research Foundation, Epidemiology, 5-2 Hijiyama Park, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 732-0815, Japan

    Alina V. Brenner, Hiromi Sugiyama, Ritsu Sakata, Benjamin French, Atsuko Sadakane, Mai Utada & Kotaro Ozasa

  2. Hirosoft International, Eureka, CA, USA

    Dale L. Preston

  3. Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Department of Health and Human Services, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA

    Elizabeth K. Cahoon & Kiyohiko Mabuchi

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  1. Alina V. Brenner
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Correspondence to Alina V. Brenner.

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Brenner, A.V., Sugiyama, H., Preston, D.L. et al. Radiation risk of central nervous system tumors in the Life Span Study of atomic bomb survivors, 1958–2009. Eur J Epidemiol 35, 591–600 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10654-019-00599-y

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