Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Distribution, sources and health risk assessment of contaminations in water of urban park: A case study in Northeast China

  • Original Paper
  • Published:
Environmental Geochemistry and Health Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

This case study was performed to determine whether the pollutants in water of urban park could bring health risk to human engaging in water-related activities such as swimming and provide evidence demonstrating the critical need for strengthened recreational water resources management of urban park. TN, NH4+-N, TP, Cu, Mn, Zn, Se, Pb, As, Cd and Cr(VI) contents were determined to describe the spatial distribution of contaminations; sources apportionment with the method of correlation analysis, factor analysis and cluster analysis were followed by health risk assessment for swimmers of different age groups. The results reveal that element contents in all sites do not exceed Chinese standard for swimming area and European Commission standard for surface water; all detected elements except Cr(VI) have a tendency to accumulate in the location of lake crossing bridge; Mn and Zn are considered to have the same pollution source including geogenic and anthropogenic sources by multivariable analysis. Carcinogenic risks of different age groups descend in the same order with non-carcinogenic risks. Among all elements, Zn and Mn contribute the lowest non-carcinogenic risk (5.1940E-06) and the highest non-carcinogenic risk (7.9921E-04) through skin contact pathway, respectively. The total average personal risk for swimmers in swimming area is 1.9693E-03, and this site is not suitable for swimming. Overall, it is possible that swimmers are exposed to risk via the dermal route when carrying out water-related activities, it is recommended that necessary precautions and management should be taken in other similar locations around the world.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Adams, M. R., Hanna, C. A., Mayernik, J. A., & Mendez, W. M. (1994). Probabilistic health risk assessment for exposures to estuary sediments and biota contaminated with polychlorinated biphenyls, polychlorinated terphenyls and other toxic substances. Risk Annual,14(4), 577–594. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1539-6924.1994.tb00272.x.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Benford, D. J., Cocker, J., Sartorelli, P., Schneider, T., Hemmen, J. V., & Firth, J. G. (1999). Dermal route in systemic exposure. Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment & Health,25(6), 511–520. https://doi.org/10.5271/sjweh.474.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chandra, S. A., Stokes, A. H., Hailey, R., Merrill, C. L., Melich, D. H., DeSmet, K., et al. (2015). Dermal toxicity studies: factors impacting study interpretation and outcome. Toxicologic Pathology,43(4), 474–481. https://doi.org/10.1177/0192623314548765.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Changchun Landscape and Forstry Bureau. (2016). Nanhu Park in Changchun City. http://ccylj.changchun.gov.cn/jgsz/zsjg/201610/t20161018_792906.html. Accessed 15 March 2019.

  • Chen, M. R., Tsai, P. J., & Wang, Y. F. (2008). Assessing inhalatory and dermal exposures and their resultant health-risks for workers exposed to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) contained in oil mists in a fastener manufacturing industry. Environment International,34(7), 971–975. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2008.02.008.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chen, Y., Wang, L. Q., Liang, T., Xiao, J., Li, J., Wei, H. C., et al. (2018). Major ion and dissolved heavy metal geochemistry, distribution, and relationship in the overlying water of Dongting Lake, China. Environmental Geochemistry and Health. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10653-018-0204-y.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dash, P., Silwal, S., Ikenga, J. O., Pinckney, J. L., Arslan, Z., & Lizotte, R. E. (2015). Water quality of four major Lakes in Mississippi, USA: Impacts on human and Aquatic ecosystem health. Water,7, 4999–5030. https://doi.org/10.3390/w7094999.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dong, D. M., Li, H. L., Li, Y., Fang, C. S., Li, X. H., & Xu, C. Y. (2004). Distribution of heavy metals in the sediments From the Yitong River: Changchun section (in Chinese). Research of Soil and Water Conservation,11(1), 95–96.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dong, D. M., Lu, Y. Z., Li, Y., & Li, H. L. (2005). The distribution of heavy metals in the surface sediments in parts of rivers and lakes in Jilin province (in Chinese). Journal of Jilin University (Earth Science Edition),35(1), 91–96. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1671-5888.2005.01.018.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dorevitch, S., Panthi, S., Huang, Y., Li, H., Michalek, M. A., Pratap, P., et al. (2011). Water ingestion during water recreation. Water Research,45(5), 2020–2028. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2010.12.006.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Du, Y. R., Gao, B., Zhou, H. D., Ju, X. X., Hao, H., & Yin, S. H. (2013). Health risk assessment of heavy metals in road dusts in Urban parks of Beijing, China. Procedia Environmental Sciences,18, 299–309. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proenv.2013.04.039.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Duan, H. J., Cai, X. Q., Ruan, X. L., Tong, Z. Q., & Ma, J. H. (2015). Heavy metal pollution and health risk of surface dust in Kaifeng Park (in Chinese). Environmental Science,36(8), 2972–2980. https://doi.org/10.13227/j.hjkx.2015.08.033.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Duan, X. L., Wang, Z. S., Li, Q., Zhang, W. J., Huang, N., Wang, B. B., et al. (2011). Health risk assessment of heavy metals in drinking water based on field measurement of exposure factors of Chinese people (in Chinese). Environmental Sciences,32(5), 1329–1339. https://doi.org/10.13227/j.hjkx.2011.05.031.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Duan, X. L., Zhang, W. J., Wang, Z. S., Guo, Y. M., Zhang, Y. S., & Zhang, J. L. (2010). Skin exposure parameters of water-wading activities of residents in a certain area of northern China (in Chinese). Research of Environmental Sciences,23(1), 55–61. https://doi.org/10.13198/j.res.2010.01.57.duanxl.009.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dyck, R., Sadiq, R., Rodriguez, M. J., Simard, S., & Tardif, R. (2011). Trihalomethane exposures in indoor swimming pools: A level III fugacity model. Water Research,45(16), 5084–5098. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2011.07.005.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • European Commission. (2013). Directive 2013/39/EU of the European Parliament and the Council of 12 August 2013 amending Directives 2000/60/EC and 2008/105/EC as regards priority substances in the field of water policy. Official Journal of the European Union, L226 (24.8.2013), (pp. 1–17).

  • Gao, Y., Wei, Z., Li, S., Du, C. Y., Ren, X., & Fan, W. (2018). Evaluation of characteristics of sediment pollution in Changchun city section of Yitong River (in Chinese). Environmental Engineering,36(5), 171–179. https://doi.org/10.13205/j.hjgc.201805034.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Guo, W., Wang, Y. K., Shi, J. H., Zhao, X., & Xie, Y. C. (2019). Sediment information on natural and anthropogenic-induced change of connected water systems in Chagan Lake, North China. Environmental Geochemistry and Health. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10653-019-00280-z.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Guo, J. T., Zhou, J., Hu, B. B., Meng, W. Q., Wang, Z. W., & Wang, Z. L. (2014). Health risk assessment of heavy metal pollution in dust of Tianjin City Park (in Chinese). Chinese Journal of Ecology,33(2), 415–420. https://doi.org/10.13292/j.1000-4890.2014.0023.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hector, R. A., César, Q., Jorge, J. C., Ray, Q., & Melida, G. (2010). Contamination of the Conchos River in Mexico: Does it pose a health risk to local residents? International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health,7(5), 2071–2084. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph7052071.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Heinemeyer, G. (2008). Sources of uncertainty. Toxicology Letters,180(93), S3–S3. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.toxlet.2008.06.015.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Huber, M., Welker, A., & Helmreich, B. (2015). Critical review of heavy metal pollution of traffic area runoff: Occurrence, influencing factors, and partitioning. Science of the Total Environment,541, 895–919. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.09.033.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hwang, J. H., Park, H. J., Choi, D. W., Nam, K. T., & Lim, K. M. (2018). Investigation of dermal toxicity of ionic liquids in monolayer-cultured skin cells and 3D reconstructed human skin models. Toxicology in Vitro,46, 194–202. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tiv.2017.09.025.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP). (1965). The evaluation of risks from radiation, ICRP publication 8. London: Pergamon.

    Google Scholar 

  • International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP). (2007). 2007 recommendations of the International Commission on Radiological Protection(Users Edition), ICRP publication 103. Amsterdam: Elsevier.

    Google Scholar 

  • Iqbal, J., Shah, M. H., & Akhter, G. (2013). Characterization, source apportionment and health risk assessment of trace metals in freshwater Rawal Lake, Pakistan. Journal of Geochemical Exploration,125, 94–101. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gexplo.2012.11.009.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jang, J. Y., Jo, S. N., & Kim, S. (2007). Korean exposure factors handbook. Seoul: Ministry of environment Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ji, X. Y., Zhang, W. Z., Jiang, M. Q., He, J., & Zheng, Z. (2017). Black-odor water analysis and heavy metal distribution of Yitong River in Northeast China. Water Science and Technology,76(8), 2051–2064. https://doi.org/10.2166/wst.2017.372.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Karin, B., Bondelind, M., Karlsson, A., Dick, K., & Ekaterina, S. (2018). Hydrodynamic modelling of the influence of stormwater and combined sewer overflows on receiving water quality: Benzo(a)pyrene and copper risks to recreational water. Journal of Environmental Management,207, 32–42. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2017.11.014.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kim, S. H., Heo, Y. J., Choi, S. J., Kim, Y. J., Kim, M. S., Kim, H. M., et al. (2016). Safety evaluation of zinc oxide nanoparticles in terms of acute dermal toxicity, dermal irritation and corrosion, and skin sensitization. Molecular & Cellular Toxicology,12, 93–99. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13273-016-0012-3.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kumar, M., Ramanathan, A. L., Tripathi, R., Farswan, S., Kumar, D., & Bhattacharya, P. (2017). A study of trace element contamination using multivariate statistical techniques and health risk assessment in groundwater of Chhaprola Industrial Area, Gautam Buddha Nagar, Uttar Pradesh, India. Chemosphere,166, 135–145. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.09.086.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Li, H. R., Ding, M. Y., Zhang, R., Li, J. H., & Ma, J. C. (2018). Survival of Salmonella typhimurium in the South Lake of Changchun city (in Chinese). Science Technology and Engineering,18(8), 338–342.

    Google Scholar 

  • Li, R. Z., Tong, F., Zhou, A. J., Wu, Y. D., Zhang, P., & Yu, J. (2011). Fuzzy assessment model for the health risk of heavy metals in urban dusts based on trapezoidal fuzzy numbers (in Chinese). Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,31(8), 1790–1798. https://doi.org/10.13671/j.hjkxxb.2011.08.031.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Li, P., Zhang, B., Wang, W., & Gao, P. (2016). Research progress of human health risk assessment based on ‘four-step method’ (in Chinese). China Population, Resources and Environment,26(5), 553–556.

    Google Scholar 

  • Li, X. R., Zhao, T. K., Zhang, W. X., Wu, Q., Li, S. J., Zhang, C. J., et al. (2010). Skin exposure levels of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in regional environments (in Chinese). Environmental Chemistry,29(5), 898–903.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Liang, C. P., Wang, S. W., Kao, Y. H., & Chen, J. S. (2016). Health risk assessment of groundwater arsenic pollution in southern Taiwan. Environmental Geochemistry and Health,38, 1271–1281. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10653-016-9794-4.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lu, H. W., & Yu, S. (2018). Spatio-temporal variational characteristics analysis of heavy metals pollution in water of the typical northern rivers, China. Journal of Hydrology,559, 787–793. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2018.02.081.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mcdougal, J. N., & Boeniger, M. F. (2002). Methods for assessing risks of dermal exposures in the workplace. Critical Reviews in Toxicology,32(4), 291–327. https://doi.org/10.1080/20024091064255.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ministry of Environmental Protection, PRC. (2002). GB3838-2002, environmental quality standards for surface water. Beijing: Ministry of Environmental Protection, PRC.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ministry of Environmental Protection, PRC. (2013). Exposure factors handbook of Chinese population (Adult Volume). Beijing: China Environmental Science Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ministry of Environmental Protection, PRC. (2016a). Exposure factors handbook of Chinese population (Child Volume:0–5 years old). Beijing: China Environmental Science Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ministry of Environmental Protection, PRC. (2016b). Exposure factors handbook of Chinese population (Child Volume:6–17 years old). Beijing: China Environmental Science Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Moody, R. P., & Chu, I. (1995). Dermal exposure to environmental contaminants in the great lakes. Environmental Health Perspectives,103(9), 103–114. https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.95103s9103.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Murray, R., Wilson, S., Dalemarre, L., Chanse, V., Phoenix, J., & Baranoff, L. (2015). Should we put our feet in the water? use of a survey to assess recreational exposures to contaminants in the anacostia river. Environmental Health Insights,9(S2), 19–27. https://doi.org/10.4137/EHI.S19594.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Najmeddin, A., Keshavarzi, B., Moore, F., & Lahijanzadeh, A. (2018). Source apportionment and health risk assessment of potentially toxic elements in road dust from urban industrial areas of Ahvaz megacity, Iran. Environmental Geochemistry and Health,40, 1187–1208. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10653-017-0035-2.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (NIAIST). (2007). Japanese exposure factors handbook. https://www.aist.go.jp/riss/crm/exposurefactors/english_summary.html. Accessed 6 December 2018.

  • Peluso, F., Othax, N., Castelain, J. G., & Dubny, S. (2014). Applying health risk analysis to assess the chemical quality of water for recreational bathing: The case of Tres Arroyos Creek, Buenos Aires, Argentina. Human and Ecological Risk Assessment,20(1), 45–68. https://doi.org/10.1080/10807039.2012.743827.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sun, F., Sha, J., Zhang, Y. F., & Liu, Y. H. (2013). Microbial risk assessment of Urban water bodies for aesthetical and recreational uses (in Chinese). Environmental Science,34(3), 933–942. https://doi.org/10.13227/j.hjkx.2013.03.048.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sun, S. L., & Yun, Z. (1999). Environmental and geochemical characteristics of nitrogen, phosphorus and heavy metal elements in sediments of South Lake of Changchun (in Chinese). Research of Environmental Sciences,12(4), 37–41. https://doi.org/10.13198/j.res.1999.04.40.sunshl.014.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA). (1989). Risk assessment guidance for superfund:Volume I. human health evaluation manual (Part A). Washington, DC: Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.

  • U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA). (1991). Risk assessment guidance for superfund: Human health evaluation manual. Washington, DC: Office of Emergency and Remedial Response. Environmental Protection Agency.

  • U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. (US EPA). (1992). Guidelines for exposure assessment. Washington: Risk Assessment Forum.

  • U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA). (1999). Integrated risk information system. https://cfpub.epa.gov/ncea/iris2/atoz.cfm. Accessed 9 April 2018.

  • U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA). (2001). Risk Assessment Guidance for Superfund:Volume III - Part A, Process for Conducting Probabilistic Risk Assessment. Washington, DC: Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.

  • U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA). (2004). Risk Assessment Guidance for Superfund Volume I: Human Health Evaluation Manual (Part E, Supplemental Guidance for Dermal Risk Assessment). Washington, DC: Office of Superfund Remediation and Technology Innovation.

  • U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA). (2011). Exposure factors handbook 2011 Edition (Final). Washington: Office of Research and Development.

  • Wang, Y. X., Cao, H. Y., Deng, Y. J., & Zhang, Q. (2017). Distribution and health risk assessment of heavy metals in atmospheric particulate matter and dust (in Chinese). Environmental Science,38(9), 3575–3584. https://doi.org/10.13227/j.hjkx.201702054.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wang, J. H., Li, S. W., Cui, X. Y., Li, H. M., Qian, X., Wang, C., et al. (2016a). Bioaccessibility, sources and health risk assessment of trace metals in urban park dust in Nanjing, Southeast China. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety,128, 161–170. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2016.02.020.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wang, X. M., Liu, G. J., & Huang, R. (2014). The health risk level of water quality in the centralized drinking water sources of the River Pihe irrigation district (in Chinese). Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,34(3), 781–787. https://doi.org/10.13671/j.hjkxxb.2014.0132.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wang, C., Qian, X., Li, H. M., Sun, Y. X., & Wang, J. H. (2016b). Pollution evaluation and risk assessment of heavy metals from atmospheric deposition in the parks of nanjing (in Chinese). Environmental Science,37(5), 1662–1669. https://doi.org/10.13227/j.hjkx.2016.05.009.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wang, R. S., Xu, Q. J., Zhang, X., Wei, Q. S., & Yan, C. Z. (2012). Health Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Typical Township Water Sources in Dongjiang River Basin (in Chinese). Environmental Science,33(9), 3083–3088. https://doi.org/10.13227/j.hjkx.2012.09.055.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • WHO, IARC. (1990). IARC monographs on the evaluation of carcinogenic risks to humans: vol. 49. Lyon: IARC.

  • WHO, IARC. (1993). IARC monographs on the evaluation of carcinogenic risks to humans: vol. 58. Lyon: IARC.

  • WHO, IARC. (2012). IARC monographs on the evaluation of carcinogenic risks to humans: vol. 100C. Lyon: IARC.

  • Wu, Y. H., Wang, X. L., Dong, D. M., Lu, Y. Z., Fu, Y. P., Hu, L. L., et al. (2006). Distribution of heavy metals in multi-phase media in the Nanhu Lake (in Chinese). Journal of Jilin University (Science Edition),44(1), 130–136. https://doi.org/10.13413/j.cnki.jdxblxb.2006.01.026.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wu, B., Zhao, D. Y., Jia, H. Y., Zhang, Y., Zhang, X. X., & Cheng, S. P. (2009). Preliminary risk assessment of trace metal pollution in surface water from Yangtze River in Nanjing Section, China. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination Toxicology,82, 405–409. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00128-009-9673-0.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Xu, J., Hao, L. B., Zhao, X. Y., Zhao, Y. Y., Ma, C. Y., Wei, Q. Q., et al. (2018). Spatial-temporal distribution of heavy metals in surface sediments from upper reaches of the Songhua River (in Chinese). Journal of Jilin University (Earth Science Edition),48(3), 854–862. https://doi.org/10.13278/j.cnki.jjuese.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Xu, X., & Weisel, C. P. (2005). Dermal uptake of chloroform and haloketones during bathing. Journal of Exposure Analysis and Environmental Epidemiology,15, 289–296. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.jea.7500404.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yang, J., Chen, L., Liu, L. Z., Shi, W. L., & Meng, X. Z. (2014). Comprehensive risk assessment of heavy metals in lake sediment from public parks in Shanghai. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety,102, 129–135. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2014.01.010.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yang, Y., Yu, Y. J., Yang, J., Lu, X. S., Li, D. L., & Hu, L. K. (2012). Coastal residents’ dermal exposure parameter in Zhejiang, China under water-related activity and air-related activity (in Chinese). Journal of Environment and Health,29(4), 324–327. https://doi.org/10.16241/j.cnki.1001-5914.2012.04.009.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yu, C. C., Zhao, W. T., Gao, X. F., Cheng, S. G., Huang, T., Yi, Y. M., et al. (2017). Distribution characteristics and health risk assessment of heavy metals in surface water around electroplating factories (in Chinese). Environmental Science,38(3), 993–1001. https://doi.org/10.13227/j.hjkx.201607159.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang, W. N., & Lu, J. L. (2013). Distribution characteristics of the heavy metals in South Lake waters of Changchun (in Chinese). Journal of Jilin Normal University (Natural Science Edition),34(2), 54–58. https://doi.org/10.16862/j.cnki.issn1674-3873.2013.02.017.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang, Q. H., Wei, Y. Z., Cao, J. H., & Yu, S. (2018). Pollution of heavy metals in drinking water sources in Liujiang River Basin and health risk assessment (in Chinese). Environmental Science,39(4), 1598–1607. https://doi.org/10.13227/j.hjkx.201708210.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zhao, X. G., Cao, S. Z., Wang, B. B., Huang, N., Duan, X. L., Chen, Y., et al. (2014). Research on swimming-related activity patterns of Chinese adults (in Chinese). Journal of Environment and Health,31(11), 962–966. https://doi.org/10.16241/j.cnki.1001-5914.2014.11.006.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zhao, X. G., Huang, N., Duan, X. L., Wang, B. B., Cao, S. Z., Nie, J., et al. (2012). Dermal exposure factors in environmental health risk assessment (in Chinese). Journal of Environment and Health,29(2), 124–126. https://doi.org/10.16241/j.cnki.1001-5914.2012.02.009.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zheng, X. X., Xu, J. L., Wang, H. X., Liu, X. J., Yao, D. F., & Lv, J. (2017). Health risk assessment of a reservoir-type water source in the northeastern region of China. Human and Ecological Risk Assessment,23(4), 751–766. https://doi.org/10.1080/10807039.2016.1278518.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

This Project was supported by the Key Scientific Research Programs of the Jilin Province (No. 20190303084SF) and the Project of Jilin Provincial Science and Technology Department (No. 20180101092JC).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, Changchun, 130117, China

    Yue Lu, Jianling Xu, Hanxi Wang & Wei Li

  2. School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130117, China

    Yue Lu, Jianling Xu, Hanxi Wang & Wei Li

  3. Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Ecological Restoration and Ecosystem, Changchun, 130117, China

    Yue Lu, Jianling Xu, Hanxi Wang & Wei Li

  4. Jilin Provincial Science and Technology Innovation Center of Wetland Restoration and Function Development, Changchun, 130117, China

    Yue Lu, Jianling Xu, Hanxi Wang & Wei Li

  5. Jilin Province Academy of Education and Science, Changchun, 130022, China

    Xuejun Liu

Authors
  1. Yue Lu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Jianling Xu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Hanxi Wang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Xuejun Liu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Wei Li
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Jianling Xu.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Lu, Y., Xu, J., Wang, H. et al. Distribution, sources and health risk assessment of contaminations in water of urban park: A case study in Northeast China. Environ Geochem Health 41, 2473–2489 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10653-019-00293-8

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10653-019-00293-8

Keywords

Search

Navigation