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Assessing the potential ecological risk of Co, Cr, Cu, Fe and Zn in the sediments of Hooghly–Matla estuarine system, India

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Abstract

Hooghly–Matla estuarine system along with the Sundarbans mangroves forms one of the most diverse and vulnerable ecosystems in the world. We have investigated the distribution of Co, Cr, Cu, Fe and Zn along with sediment properties at six locations [Shamshernagar (S1), Kumirmari (S2 and S3), Petuaghat (S4), Tapoban (S5) and Chemaguri (S6)] in the Hooghly estuary and reclaimed islands of the Sundarbans for assessing the degree of contamination and potential ecological risks. Enrichment factor values (0.9–21.6) show enrichment of Co, Cu and Zn in the intertidal sediments considering all sampling locations and depth profiles. Geo-accumulation index values irrespective of sampling locations and depth revealed that Co and Cu are under class II and class III level indicating a moderate contamination of sediments. The pollution load index was higher than unity (1.6–2.1), and Co and Cu were the major contributors to the sediment pollution followed by Zn, Cr and Fe with the minimum values at S1 and the maximum values at S5. The sediments of the Hooghly–Matla estuarine region (S4, S5 and S6) showed considerable ecological risks, when compared with effect range low/effect range median and threshold effect level/probable effect level values. The variation in the distribution of the studied elements may be due to variation in discharge pattern and exposure to industrial effluent and domestic sewage, storm water and agricultural run-off and fluvial dynamics of the region. The study illuminates the necessity for the proper management of vulnerable coastal estuarine ecosystem by stringent pollution control measures along with regular monitoring and checking program.

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Acknowledgements

We are thankful to the Scientific and Engineering Research Board (SR/FT/LS-155/2011 dated 25.04.2013), Department of Science and Technology, Govt. of India, for funding this research in University of Calcutta. We are also thankful to Science Academies’ of India (IASc-INSA-NASI) and Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, for providing their support in this work.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Environmental Science, University of Calcutta, 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata, 700 019, India

    Somdeep Ghosh, Madhurima Bakshi & Punarbasu Chaudhuri

  2. School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India

    Alok Kumar & A. L. Ramanathan

  3. Department of Environmental Science, Central University of Rajasthan, Rajasthan, India

    Alok Kumar

  4. International Centre for Ecological Engineering and Department of Ecological Studies, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, Nadia, West Bengal, 741235, India

    Jayanta Kumar Biswas

  5. School of Environmental Studies, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, India

    Subarna Bhattacharyya

  6. Department of Soil and Water Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Kafrelsheikh, Kafr El-Sheikh, 33 516, Egypt

    Sabry M. Shaheen

  7. School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Institute of Foundation Engineering, Water- and Waste-Management, Soil- and Groundwater-Management, University of Wuppertal, Pauluskirchstraße 7, 42285, Wuppertal, Germany

    Sabry M. Shaheen & Jörg Rinklebe

  8. Department of Environment, Energy and Geoinformatics, Sejong University, Seoul, 05006, Republic of Korea

    Jörg Rinklebe

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  1. Somdeep Ghosh
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  2. Madhurima Bakshi
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Correspondence to Punarbasu Chaudhuri.

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Ghosh, S., Bakshi, M., Kumar, A. et al. Assessing the potential ecological risk of Co, Cr, Cu, Fe and Zn in the sediments of Hooghly–Matla estuarine system, India. Environ Geochem Health 41, 53–70 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10653-018-0119-7

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