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Ecotoxicological risks of the abandoned F–Ba–Pb–Zn mining area of Osor (Spain)

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Abstract

Due to its potential toxic properties, metal mobilization is of major concern in areas surrounding Pb–Zn mines. In the present study, metal contents and toxicity of soils, aqueous extracts from soils and mine drainage waters from an abandoned F–Ba–Pb–Zn mining area in Osor (Girona, NE Spain) were evaluated through chemical extractions and ecotoxicity bioassays. Toxicity assessment in the terrestrial compartment included lethal and sublethal endpoints on earthworms Eisenia fetida, arthropods Folsomia candida and several plant species, whereas aquatic tests involved bacteria Vibrio fischeri, microalgae Raphidocelis subcapitata and crustaceans Daphnia magna. Total concentrations of Ba (250–5110 mg kg−1), Pb (940 to >5000 mg kg−1) and Zn (2370–11,300 mg kg−1) in soils exceeded intervention values to protect human health. Risks for the aquatic compartment were identified in the release of drainage waters and in the potential leaching and runoff of metals from contaminated soils, with Cd (1.98–9.15 µg L−1), Pb (2.11–326 µg L−1) and Zn (280–2900 µg L−1) concentrations in filtered water samples surpassing US EPA Water Quality Criteria (2016a, b). Terrestrial ecotoxicity tests were in accordance with metal quantifications and identified the most polluted soil as the most toxic. Avoidance and reproduction tests with earthworms showed the highest sensitivity to metal contamination. Aquatic bioassays performed in aqueous extracts from soils confirmed the results from terrestrial tests and also detected toxic effects caused by the mine drainage waters. Algal growth inhibition was the most sensitive aquatic endpoint. In view of the results, the application of a containment or remediative procedure in the area is encouraged.

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Fig. 1

Adapted from Navarro et al. (2015)

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Acknowledgments

The authors want to thank Gerard Vila for his support in the performance of some terrestrial ecotoxicity tests. This research was funded by Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC) and R&D Gestió i Serveis Ambientals S.L. (Spain) through a doctoral grant to Jaume Bori (Beca UPC Recerca 2012) and by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness through the project CTM2010-18167.

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  1. Center for Research and Innovation in Toxicology (CRIT-Innotex Center), Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC), Ctra. Nac. 150 km 15, 08227, Terrassa, Spain

    Jaume Bori, Bettina Vallès, Andrés Navarro & Maria Carme Riva

  2. Department of Fluid Mechanics, School of Industrial and Aeronautical Engineering of Terrassa (ETSEIAT), Technical University of Catalonia (UPC), Colón 7–11, 08222, Terrassa, Spain

    Andrés Navarro

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  1. Jaume Bori
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Correspondence to Jaume Bori.

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Bori, J., Vallès, B., Navarro, A. et al. Ecotoxicological risks of the abandoned F–Ba–Pb–Zn mining area of Osor (Spain). Environ Geochem Health 39, 665–679 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10653-016-9840-2

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