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Feather mercury concentrations in omnivorous and granivorous terrestrial songbirds in Southeast Michigan

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Abstract

Sublethal exposure to methylmercury (MeHg) can have consequences for the reproductive, neurological, and physiological health of birds. Songbirds, regardless of trophic position, are often exposed to mercury (Hg) and may be at risk for health effects – especially if they inhabit a place that is subject to high Hg atmospheric deposition and/or have local conditions that are prone to methylation. This study investigates Hg concentrations in terrestrial songbirds of Southeast Michigan, where historical and present-day anthropogenic emissions of heavy metals are elevated. We collected tail feather samples from 223 songbirds across four different species during summer and fall of 2018 and 2019. The mean (±SE) Hg concentration across all samples was 103 ± 3.43 ng/g of dry feather weight. Mercury concentration varied significantly among species, and by age and site in some species, but not by sex. Mean concentrations were nearly seven times higher in two omnivore species, American robin (Turdus migratorius) and European starling (Sturnus vulgaris), than in the two granivore species, American goldfinch (Spinus tristus) and house sparrow (Passer domesticus). Juveniles had higher feather Hg concentrations than adults in all species except American goldfinches - which feed their young primarily seeds, further supporting a role of diet in exposure. We also found a negative correlation between Hg concentration and body condition in American robins, but further research is needed to verify this relationship. While our sample concentrations do not exceed the threshold for sublethal effects, our findings provide insight into the patterns of Hg concentrations in terrestrial songbirds, which may help in understanding Hg exposure pathways, bioaccumulation and risks in terrestrial species.

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Raw data will be made available via Oregon State University’s public data repository “ScholarsArchive” upon publication.

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Acknowledgements

We thank Brian Majestic (University of Denver), Abir Biswas (The Evergreen State College), Lucas Hawkins, and Diana Babi (Tekran) for providing guidance on laboratory methods. Garth Herring (USGS) provided valuable feedback on an earlier draft. Selena Chiparus, Dawson Bradley, and Robert Miner assisted with sample collection. Eastern Michigan University, University of Michigan - Flint, Mott Community College and Flint City Parks allowed access to study sites.

Author contributions

S.S.B. performed laboratory and data analyses, wrote manuscript; D.L.Z. conceived of project, performed field work, edited manuscript; K.J.G. performed field work, edited manuscript; L.E.G. trained personnel, performed laboratory analyses, provided funding, edited manuscript; J.M.C. conceived of project, trained personnel, provided funding, performed field work and edited manuscript.

Funding

This work was supported in part by the Undergraduate Research Stimulus Program (URSP), Meta Hellwig and faculty research awards from Eastern Michigan University in addition to the Colorado College Natural Sciences Division and Grant Lyddon.

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  1. Jamie M. Cornelius

    Present address: Oregon State University Department of Integrative Biology, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Colorado College Environmental Studies Program, Colorado Springs, CO, 80907, USA

    Saria Sato Bajracharya & Lynne E. Gratz

  2. Eastern Michigan University Biology Department, Ypsilanti, MI, 48197, USA

    Dorothy L. Zahor, Kenneth J. Glynn & Jamie M. Cornelius

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  1. Saria Sato Bajracharya
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Correspondence to Jamie M. Cornelius.

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Animal handling and sampling methods were approved by the Eastern Michigan University Institutional Animal Care and Use (IACUC) protocols # 2018-089 and 2015-072, and samples were collected after obtaining all relevant permits from the State of Michigan and the USGS Bird Banding Lab.

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Bajracharya, S.S., Zahor, D.L., Glynn, K.J. et al. Feather mercury concentrations in omnivorous and granivorous terrestrial songbirds in Southeast Michigan. Ecotoxicology 31, 797–807 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10646-022-02545-3

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