Abstract
To ascertain the tolerance mechanisms of aquatic organisms to artificial chemicals, intergenerational sensitivity changes of Chironomus yoshimatsui to a carbamate pesticide (pirimicarb) and pharmaceutical chemical (diazepam) were investigated. The larvae (<48-h-old) in each generation were exposed to both chemicals for 48 h and then the surviving chironomids were cultured until the fifth generation (F0–F4) without chemical addition. The 48-h 50% effective concentration (EC50) value of chironomids was determined for each generation. In the pirimicarb treatment group, the EC50 values significantly increased in F3 and F4, and those in the diazepam treatment group slightly increased. Catalase, Cytochrome P450 and hemoglobin (Hb) mRNA levels were monitored to see whether these were related to the trans-generational sensitivity. Although the generalized linear model results showed that the sensitivity to diazepam was slightly increased in the diazepam treatment, we could not find any mRNA levels related to sensitivity alteration. In contrast, the model approach showed that the chironomids exposed to pirimicarb trans-generationally became tolerant with increasing Hb mRNA levels. Therefore, they might decrease their chemical stress by modifying Hb gene transcription.
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The authors confirm that the data supporting the findings of this study are available within the article. Any additional documentation can be provided upon request.
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Acknowledgements
We thank our technical staff, Aya Kitahara, and Dr. Makio Takeda for their supports with this study. We also thank Dr. Kazutoshi Ohyama and Dr. Hiroaki Aoyama for allowing us to conduct this study and providing helpful comments. We thank Editage (https://www.editage.com/) for editing and reviewing this manuscript for English language.
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All authors contributed to the conception and design of the study. Data collection, material preparation, and data analysis were performed by Makoto Ishimota. The first draft of the manuscript was written by Makoto Ishimota, and Naruto Tomiyama commented on the revised versions of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
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Ishimota, M., Tomiyama, N. Generational sensitivity alteration in Chironomus yoshimatsui to carbamate and pharmaceutical chemicals and the effect on Catalase, CYP450, and hemoglobin gene transcription. Ecotoxicology 30, 2119–2131 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10646-021-02484-5
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10646-021-02484-5