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Fate, toxicity and bioconcentration of cadmium on Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata and Lemna minor in mid-term single tests

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Abstract

In the frame of a project which consists in modeling a laboratory microcosm under cadmium pressure, we initiated this study on the fate and effects of cadmium in the presence of either the microalga Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata or the duckweed Lemna minor, two organisms of the microcosm. For each organism, growth inhibition tests on a duration of 2–3 weeks were carried out with the objective of linking effects with total dissolved, ionic and internalized forms of cadmium. Numbers of organisms (algal cells or duckweed fronds) in 2-L beakers filled with synthetic nutritive medium containing EDTA were counted during the course of assays, while cadmium concentrations in the water and in the organisms were measured. Free cadmium fraction was calculated using PHREEQC, a computer program for chemical speciation. Results showed that cadmium toxicity to microalgae could be correlated to the free divalent fraction of this metal, limited by the presence of EDTA, and to its concentration in the organisms. Bioconcentration factors for our medium were suggested for P. subcapitata (111,000 on the basis of free cadmium concentration) and L. minor (17,812 on the basis of total dissolved concentration). No effect concentrations were roughly estimated around 400 µg/g for Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata and 200–300 µg/g for Lemna minor. This study is a first step towards a fate model based on chemical speciation for a better understanding of microcosm results.

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to thank the French Ministry of Ecology for funding. Many thanks also to Myriam Hammada and Thérèse Bastide for the chemical analyses, Laurent Lassabatere and Cécile Delolme for chemical modelling.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Univ Lyon, Université Lyon 1, Ecole Nationale des Travaux Publics de l’Etat, CNRS, UMR 5023, Laboratoire d’Ecologie des Hydrosystèmes Naturels et Anthropisés (LEHNA), F-69120, Vaulx en Velin, Villeurbanne Cedex, France

    Bernard Clément & Dominique Lamonica

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  1. Bernard Clément
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  2. Dominique Lamonica
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Correspondence to Bernard Clément.

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Clément, B., Lamonica, D. Fate, toxicity and bioconcentration of cadmium on Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata and Lemna minor in mid-term single tests. Ecotoxicology 27, 132–143 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10646-017-1879-z

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