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Emotion Regulation Deficits as Mediators Between Trauma Exposure and Borderline Symptoms

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Abstract

We tested a model of mechanisms linking the experience of trauma exposure with borderline personality symptoms via deficits in core aspects of emotion regulation. Participants were college students (N = 579). History of traumatic exposure and negative affectivity were positively and emotional intelligence inversely associated with borderline symptoms. These effects were mediated via alexithymia. Deficits in identifying and describing emotions, in turn, were associated with poor tolerance for emotional distress and an increase in acting rashly when negatively aroused. Finally, distress tolerance exhibited both direct, and indirect (via urgency), associations with borderline personality symptoms. Deficits in the ability to identify, describe, and understand emotion are related to intolerance for distress and impulsive behavior when negatively aroused. The effects of distress tolerance are consistent with theoretical models that posit that intolerance for distress contributes to deficits in behavioral regulation. Borderline personality symptoms reflect deficits in behavioral control when negatively aroused as well as a pattern of negative evaluations, poor self-efficacy, and emotional absorption contributing to marked interference with adaptive goal directed activity when distressed.

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Notes

  1. We tested two alternative measurement models. In the first, we modeled a single affect dysregulation factor, loading the emotional intelligence, alexithymia, distress tolerance, and negative urgency indictors onto one factor. This model was a poor fit to the data χ2(149, N = 579) = 2674.26, p < .001; CFI = .68, RMSEA = 0.171, SRMR = 0.100. In the second, we combined the emotional intelligence and alexithymia factors, to see whether alexithymia could be modeled as indicators of a higher order emotional intelligence factor rather than a separate factor. This was a better fit to the data χ2(142, N = 579) = 916.69 p < .001; CFI = .90, RMSEA = 0.097, SRMR = 0.105. However, the hypothesized measurement model was a better fit ∆ χ2(5, N = 579) = 425.98, p < .001.

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  1. Department of Psychology, The University of South Dakota, 414 East Clark Street, SDU 107, Vermillion, SD, 57069-2390, USA

    Raluca M. Gaher, Nicole L. Hofman, Jeffrey S. Simons & Ryan Hunsaker

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Gaher, R.M., Hofman, N.L., Simons, J.S. et al. Emotion Regulation Deficits as Mediators Between Trauma Exposure and Borderline Symptoms. Cogn Ther Res 37, 466–475 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10608-012-9515-y

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