Skip to main content

Advertisement

Log in

Health Dynamics of Military and Veteran Couples: A Biopsychorelational Overview

  • Original Paper
  • Published:
Contemporary Family Therapy Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The purpose of this review article is to present the current state of military and veteran couple’s health by addressing biological, psychological, and relational risks and resiliencies. Articles were selected using key words such as “military couple, dyad, or relationship” and were searched in the following databases: PsychInfo, Military and Government Collection, and Medline. Literature trends reveal that the role of the military spouse is no longer secondary, but is crucial to the health of the military and veteran couple. The spouse is recommended to be a part of the biopsychosocial assessment that service members receive and also be assessed themselves for stress derived symptoms such as hypertension, post traumatic stress, and depression. Assessments for health should occur sooner after deployment and at more frequent intervals given the dynamic nature of stress on health over time. The health of service members and veterans is couched within their personal and familial relationships, thus medical family therapists are the most well prepared to attend to the dynamics between health, stress, and relational well-being across the lifespan of military and veteran couples.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • American Psychiatric Association. (2000). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (4th ed., text rev). Washington, DC: Author.

  • Angrist, J. D., & Johnson IV, J. H. (2000). Effects of work-related absences on families: Evidence from the gulf war. Industrial & Labor Relations Review, 54(1), 41–58.

  • Baptist, J., Amanor-Boadu, Y., Garrett, K., Goff, N., Collum, B. J., Gamble, P., et al. (2011). Military marriages: The aftermath of operation Iraqi freedom (OIF) and operation enduring freedom (OEF) deployments. Contemporary Family Therapy: An International Journal, 33(3), 199–214. doi:10.1007/s10591-011-9162-6.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Black, D. W., Carney, C. P., Peloso, P. M., Woolson, R. F., Schwartz, D. A., Voelker, M. D. et al. (2004). Gulf war veterans with anxiety: Prevalence, comorbidity, and risk factors. Epidemiology (Cambridge, Mass.), 15(2), 135–142.

    Google Scholar 

  • Blount, A. (2003). Integrated primary care: Organizing the evidence. Families, Systems, & Health, 21(2), 121–133. doi:10.1037/1091-7527.21.2.121.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bobo, W. V., Hoge, C. W., Messina, M. A., Pavlovcic, F., Levandowski, D., & Grieger, T. (2004). Characteristics of repeat users of an inpatient psychiatry service at a large military tertiary care hospital. Military Medicine, 169(8), 648–653.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bowen, G. L., & Orthner, D. K. (1989). Organization family: Work & family linkages in the U.S. military. New York, NY: Praeger Publishers

  • Bray, R. M., Hourani, L. L., Olmstead, K. L., Witt, M., Brown, J. B., Pemberton, M. R. et al. (2006). 2005 department of defense survey of health related behaviors among active duty military personnel: A component of the defense lifestyle assessment program.RTI International.

  • Bray, R. M., Pemberton, M. R., Lane, M. E., Hourani, L. L., Mattiko, M. J., & Babeu, L. A. (2010). Substance use and mental health trends among US military active duty personnel: Key findings from the 2008 DoD health behavior survey. Military Medicine, 175(6), 390–399.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Butler, A. C., Chapman, J. E., Forman, E. M., & Beck, A. T. (2006). The empirical status of cognitive-behavioral therapy: A review of meta-analyses. Clinical Psychology Review, 26(1), 17–31. doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2005.07.003.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Collins, R. C., & Kennedy, M. C. (2008). Serving families who have served: Providing family therapy and support in interdisciplinary polytrauma rehabilitation. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 64(8), 993–1003.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Crane, D., & Christenson, J. (2008). The medical offset effect: Patterns in outpatient services reduction for high utilizers of health care. Contemporary Family Therapy: An International Journal, 30(2), 127–138. doi:10.1007/s10591-008-9058-2.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cummings, N. A., O’Donohue, W. T., & Ferguson, K. E. (2002). In K. E. Ferguson (Ed.), The impact of medical cost offset on practice and research: Making it work for you: A report of the first Reno conference on medical cost offset. Reno, NV: Context Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Davison, S. N., & Jhangri, G. S. (2005). The impact of chronic pain on depression, sleep, and the desire to withdraw from dialysis in hemodialysis patients. Journal of Pain and Symptom Management, 30(5), 465–473. doi:10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2005.05.013.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • De Burgh, H. T., White, C. J., Fear, N. T., & Iversen, A. C. (2011). The impact of deployment to Iraq or Afghanistan on partners and wives of military personnel. International Review of Psychiatry, 23(2), 192–200. doi:10.3109/09540261.2011.560144.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Defense Health Board Task Force on Mental Health. (2007). An achievable vision: Report of the department of defense task force on mental health. Falls Church, VA: Defense Health Board. Retrieved from http://www.health.mil/dhb/mhtf/mhtf-report-final.pdf.

  • Department of Defense. (2010). Demographics 2009: Profile of the military community. Washington, DC: Department of Defense.

  • DeSimone, K. L. (2000). Is a single oral dose of amiodarone safe and effective in converting new-onset atrial fibrillation (AF) to sinus rhythm? The Journal of Family Practice, 49(6), 493–494.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Devins, G. M. (1994). Illness intrusiveness and the psychosocial impact of lifestyle disruptions in chronic life-threatening disease. Advances in Renal Replacement Therapy, 1(3), 251–263.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • DiMatteo, M. (2004). Social support and patient adherence to medical treatment: A meta-analysis. Health Psychology, 23(2), 207–218. doi:10.1037/0278-6133.23.2.207.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Dirkzwager, A. J. E., Bramsen, I., Adèr, H., & Van Der Ploeg, H. M. (2005). Secondary traumatization in partners and parents of Dutch peacekeeping soldiers. Journal of Family Psychology, 19(2), 217–226. doi:10.1037/0893-3200.19.2.217.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Doherty, W. J., McDaniel, S. H., & Hepworth, J. (1994). Medical family therapy: An emerging arena for family therapy. Journal of Family Therapy, 16(1), 31–46.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Eaton, K. M., Messer, S. C., Garvey Wilson, A. L., & Hoge, C. W. (2006). Strengthening the validity of population-based suicide rate comparisons: An illustration using U.S. military and civilian data. Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior, 36(2), 182–191.

    Google Scholar 

  • Edwards, T. M., & Patterson, J. E. (2006). Supervising family therapy trainees in primary care medical settings: Context matters. Journal of Marital & Family Therapy, 32(1), 33–43.

    Google Scholar 

  • Eilat-Tsanani, S., Tabenkin, H., Lavie, I., Cohen Castel, O., & Lior, M. (2010). The effect of low back pain on work absenteeism among soldiers on active service. Spine, 35(19), E995–E999.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Engel, G. L. (1977). The need for a new medical model: A challenge for biomedicine. Science, 196(4286), 317–331.

    Google Scholar 

  • Faber, A. J., Willerton, E., Clymer, S. R., MacDermid, S. M., & Weiss, H. M. (2008). Ambiguous absence, ambiguous presence: A qualitative study of military reserve families in wartime. Journal of Family Psychology, 22(2), 222–230. doi:10.1037/0893-3200.22.2.222.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Figley, C. R. (1988). A five-phase treatment of post-traumatic stress disorder in families. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 1(1), 127–141. doi:10.1002/jts.2490010109.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fikretoglu, D., Guay, S., Pedlar, D., & Brunet, A. (2008). Twelve month use of mental health services in a nationally representative, active military sample. Medical Care, 46(2), 217–223. doi:10.1097/MLR.0b013e31815b979a.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Fisher, H. (2007). United States military casualty statistics: Operation Iraqi freedom and operation enduring freedom. Retrieved March 5, 2010 from http://www.crs.gov.

  • Fox, M. A., Lamson, A. L., & Hodgson, J. L. (2012). Integration: Opportunities and challenges for family therapists in primary care. Contemporary Family Therapy. doi:10.1007/s10591-012-9189-3.

  • Frey, L. M., Blackburn, K. M., Werner-Wilson, R., Parker, T., & Wood, N. D. (2011). Posttraumatic stress disorder, attachment, and intimate partner violence in a military sample: A preliminary analysis. Journal of Feminist Family Therapy, 23(3), 218–230. doi:10.1080/08952833.2011.604530.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gallagher, R. M. (2009). Biopsychosocial pain research in America: The veterans health system leads the way. Pain Medicine, 10(7), 1165–1166. doi:10.1111/j.1526-4637.2009.00710.x.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gambardella, L. C. (2008). Role-exit theory and marital discord following extended military deployment. Perspectives in Psychiatric Care, 44(3), 169–174. doi:10.1111/j.1744-6163.2008.00171.x.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Goff, B. S. N., Crow, J. R., Reisbig, A. M. J., & Hamilton, S. (2007). The impact of individual trauma symptoms of deployed soldiers on relationship satisfaction. Journal of Family Psychology, 21(3), 344–353. doi:10.1037/0893-3200.21.3.344.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gottman, J. M., & Notarius, C. I. (2000). Decade review: Observing marital interaction. Journal of Marriage & the Family, 62(4), 927–947. doi:10.1111/j.1741-3737.2000.00927.x.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Graham, J. E., Christian, L. M., & Kiecolt-Glaser, J. (2006). Stress, age, and immune function: Toward a lifespan approach. Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 29(4), 389–400. doi:10.1007/s10865-006-9057-4.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Greenberg, T. M. (2007). The psychological impact of acute and chronic illness: A practical guide for primary care physicians. New York, NY USA: Springer Science + Business Media. doi:10.1007/978-0-387-38298-2.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Halbauer, J. D., Ashford, J. W., Zeitzer, J. M., Adamson, M. M., Lew, H. L., & Yesavage, J. A. (2009). Neuropsychiatric diagnosis and management of chronic sequelae of war-related mild to moderate traumatic brain injury. Journal of Rehabilitation Research and Development, 46(6), 757–796.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hodgson, J., Lamson, A. L., & Reese, L. (2007). The biopsychosocial-spiritual interview method. In D. Linville, K. M. Hertlein, D. Linville, & K. M. Hertlein (Eds.), The therapist’s notebook for family health care: Homework, handouts, and activities for individuals, couples, and families coping with illness, loss, and disability (pp. 3–12). New York, NY USA: Haworth Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hoge, C. W., Castro, C. A., Messer, S. C., McGurk, D., Cotting, D. I., & Koffman, R. L. (2008). Combat duty in Iraq and Afghanistan, mental health problems and barriers to care. U.S. Army Medical Department Journal, 355(1), 7–17.

  • Hollingsworth, W. G. (2011). Community family therapy with military families experiencing deployment. Contemporary Family Therapy: An International Journal, 33(3), 215–228. doi:10.1007/s10591-011-9144-8.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hourani, L. L., Williams, T. V., & Kress, A. M. (2006). Stress, mental health, and job performance among active duty military personnel: Findings from the 2002 department of defense health-related behaviors survey. Military Medicine, 171(9), 849–856.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ivins, B. J. (2010). Hospitalization associated with traumatic brain injury in the active duty US Army: 2000–2006. NeuroRehabilitation, 26(3), 199–212.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Jakupcak, M., Tull, M. T., McDermott, M. J., Kaysen, D., Hunt, S., & Simpson, T. (2010). PTSD symptom clusters in relationship to alcohol misuse among Iraq and Afghanistan war veterans seeking post-deployment VA health care. Addictive Behaviors, 35(9), 840–843. doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2010.03.023.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Johnson, S. M., Hunsley, J., Greenberg, L., & Schindler, D. (1999). Emotionally focused couples therapy: Status and challenges. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 6(1), 67–79. doi:10.1093/clipsy/6.1.67.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jones, A. D. (2012). Intimate partner violence in military couples: A review of the literature. Aggression & Violent Behavior, 17(2), 147–157. doi:10.1016/j.avb.2011.12.002.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jorgensen, R. S. (2009). Newly reported hypertension after military combat deployment: Research implications from a biopsychosocial perspective. Hypertension, 54(5), 956–957.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Karney, B. R., & Bradbury, T. N. (1995). The longitudinal course of marital quality and stability: A review of theory, methods, and research. Psychological Bulletin, 118(1), 3–34. doi:10.1037/0033-2909.118.1.3.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Karney, B. R., & Crown, J. S. (2007). Families under stress: An assessment of data, theory, and research on marriage and divorce in the military. Santa Monica, CA: RAND Corporation.

    Google Scholar 

  • Katon, W. (1995). Collaborative care: Patient satisfaction, outcomes, and medical cost-offset. Family Systems Medicine, 13(3), 351–365. doi:10.1037/h0089387.

  • Kelty, R., Kleykamp, M., & Segal, D. R. (2010). The military and the transition to adulthood. Future of Children, 20(1), 181–207.

    Google Scholar 

  • Khaylis, A., Polusny, M. A., Erbes, C. R., Gewirtz, A., & Rath, M. (2011). Posttraumatic stress, family adjustment, and treatment preferences among National Guard soldiers deployed to OEF/OIF. Military Medicine, 176(2), 126–131.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kiecolt-Glaser, J., Bane, C., Glaser, R., & Malarkey, W. B. (2003). Love, marriage, and divorce: Newlyweds’ stress hormones foreshadow relationship changes. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 71(1), 176–188. doi:10.1037/0022-006X.71.1.176.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kiecolt-Glaser, J., & Newton, T. L. (2001). Marriage and health: His and hers. Psychological Bulletin, 127(4), 472–503.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kim, J. S. (2008). Examining the effectiveness of solution-focused brief therapy: A meta-analysis. Research on Social Work Practice, 18(2), 107–116. doi:10.1177/1049731507307807.

  • Klostermann, K., Mignone, T., Kelley, M. L., Musson, S., & Bohall, G. (2012). Intimate partner violence in the military: Treatment considerations. Aggression & Violent Behavior, 17(1), 53–58. doi:10.1016/j.avb.2011.09.004.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kress, A. M., Hartzell, M. C., Peterson, M. R., Williams, T. V., & Fagan, N. K. (2006). Status of US military retirees and their spouses toward achieving healthy people 2010 objectives. American Journal of Health Promotion: AJHP, 20(5), 334–341.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Law, D. D., & Crane, D. R. (2000). The influence of marital and family therapy on health care utilization in a health-maintenance organization. Journal of Marital & Family Therapy, 26(3), 281–291.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Manne, S. L., Alfieri, T., Taylor, K. L., & Dougherty, J. (1999). Spousal negative responses to cancer patients: The role of social restriction, spouse mood, and relationship satisfaction. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 67(3), 352–361. doi:10.1037/0022-006X.67.3.352.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mansfield, A. J., Kaufman, J. S., Marshall, S. W., Gaynes, B. N., Morrissey, J. P., & Engel, C. C. (2010). Deployment and the use of mental health services among U.S. Army wives. The New England Journal of Medicine, 362(2), 101–109.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Marshall, A. D., Panuzio, J., & Taft, C. T. (2005). Intimate partner violence among military veterans and active duty servicemen. Clinical Psychology Review, 25(7), 862–876. doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2005.05.009.

  • McDaniel, S. H., Hepworth, J., & Doherty, W. J. (1992). Medical family therapy: A biopsychosocial approach to families with health problems. New York, NY USA: Basic Books.

    Google Scholar 

  • McFarlane, A. C., Browne, D., Bryant, R. A., O’Donnell, M., Silove, D., Creamer, M., et al. (2009). A longitudinal analysis of alcohol consumption and the risk of posttraumatic symptoms. Journal of Affective Disorders, 118(1–3), 166–172. doi:10.1016/j.jad.2009.01.017.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • McLeland, K. C., Sutton, G. W., & Schumm, W. R. (2008). Marital satisfaction before and after deployments associated with the global war on terror. Psychological Reports, 103(3), 836–844. doi:10.2466/PR0.103.7.836-844.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Meis, L. A., Barry, R. A., Kehle, S. M., Erbes, C. R., & Polusny, M. A. (2010). Relationship adjustment, PTSD symptoms, and treatment utilization among coupled National Guard soldiers deployed to Iraq. Journal of Family Psychology, 24(5), 560–567. doi:10.1037/a0020925.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Milliken, C. S., Auchterlonie, J. L., & Hoge, C. W. (2007). Longitudinal assessment of mental health problems among active and reserve component soldiers returning from the Iraq war. JAMA: Journal of the American Medical Association, 298(18), 2141–2148. doi:10.1001/jama.298.18.2141.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Morrison, D. L., & Clements, R. (1997). The effect of one partner’s job characteristics on the other partner’s distress: A serendipitous, but naturalistic, experiment. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 70(4), 307–324.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Niebuhr, D. W., Krampf, R. L., Mayo, J. A., Blandford, C. D., Levin, L. I., & Cowan, D. N. (2011). Risk factors for disability retirement among healthy adults joining the U.S. Army. Military Medicine, 176(2), 170–175.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Orthner, D. K., & Rose, R. (2009). Work separation demands and spouse psychological well-being. Family Relations, 58(4), 392–403. doi:10.1111/j.1741-3729.2009.00561.x.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Patterson, J., Peek, C. J., Heinrich, R. L., Bischoff, R. J., & Scherger, J. (2002). Mental health professionals in medical settings: A primer. New York, USA: W. W. Norton & Co.

    Google Scholar 

  • Phelps, K. W., Howell, C. D., Hill, S. G., Seemann, T. S., Lamson, A. L., Hodgson, J. L., et al. (2009). A collaborative care model for patients with type-2 diabetes. Families, Systems, & Health, 27(2), 131–140. doi:10.1037/a0015027.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pietrzak, R. H., Russo, A. R., Ling, Q., & Southwick, S. M. (2011). Suicidal ideation in treatment-seeking veterans of operations enduring freedom and Iraqi freedom: The role of coping strategies, resilience, and social support. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 45(6), 720–726.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Pincus, S. H., House, R., Christenson, J., & Alder, L. E. (2007). The emotional cycle of deployment: A military family perspective. Washington, DC: Army Center of Health Promotion and Preventive Medicine, Office of the Chief, Army Reserve.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pratt, K. J., & Lamson, A. L. (2011). Supervision in Behavioral Health: Implications for students, interns, and new professionals. Journal of Behavioral Health Services and Research (December 29), 1–10.

  • Pratt, K., Lamson, A., Lazorick, S., Swanson, M., Cravens, J., & Collier, D. (2011). A Biopsychosocial Pilot Study of Overweight Youth and Care Providers’ Perceptions of Quality of Life. Journal of Pediatric Nursing, 26(6), e61–e68.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Randall, A. K., & Bodenmann, G. (2009). The role of stress on close relationships and marital satisfaction. Clinical Psychology Review, 29(2), 105–115. doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2008.10.004.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Regier, D. A., Narrow, W. E., Rae, D. S., Manderscheid, R. W., Locke, B. Z., & Goodwin, F. K. (1993). The de facto US mental and addictive disorders service system. Epidemiologic catchment area prospective 1-year prevalence rates of disorders and services. Archives of General Psychiatry, 50(2), 85–94.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Riggs, D. S., Byrne, C. A., Weathers, F. W., & Litz, B. T. (1998). The quality of the intimate relationships of male Vietnam veterans: Problems associated with posttraumatic stress disorder. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 11(1), 87–101. doi:10.1023/A:1024409200155.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Robinson, P. J., & Strosahl, K. D. (2009). Behavioral health consultation and primary care: Lessons learned. Journal of Clinical Psychology in Medical Settings, 16, 58–71. doi:10.1007/s10880-009-9145-z.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Romanoff, M. R. (2006). Assessing military veterans for posttraumatic stress disorder: A guide for primary care clinicians. Journal of the American Academy of Nurse Practitioners, 18(9), 409–413. doi:10.1111/j.1745-7599.2006.00147.x.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • SAMHSA. (2005). The NSDUH report—alcohol use and alcohol-related risk behaviors among veterans. Rockville, MD: RTI International.

    Google Scholar 

  • SAMHSA. (2012). Results from the 2010 national survey on drug use and health: Mental health findings, NSDUH series H-42, HHS publication no. (SMA) 11-4667. Rockville, MD.

  • SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies. (2007). The NSDUH report: Serious psychological distress and substance use disorder among veterans. Rockville, MD.

  • SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies. (2008). The NSDUH reportmajor depressive episode and treatment for depression among veterans aged 21 to 39. Rockville, MD.

  • Sayers, S. L., White, T., Zubritsky, C., & Oslin, D. W. (2006). Family involvement in the care of healthy medical outpatients. Family Practice, 23(3), 317–324. doi:10.1093/fampra/cmi114.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Schumm, W. R., Bell, D. B., & Gade, P. A. (2000). Effects of a military overseas peacekeeping deployment on marital quality, satisfaction, and stability. Psychological Reports, 87(3), 815–821. doi:10.2466/PR0.87.7.815-821.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Seaburn, D. B., Lorenz, A. D., Gunn, W. B., Jr., & Gawinski, B. A. (1996). Models of collaboration: A guide for mental health professionals working with health care practitioners. New York, NY USA: Basic Books.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sharkey, J. M., & Rennix, C. P. (2011). Assessment of changes in mental health conditions among sailors and marines during postdeployment phase. Military Medicine, 176(8), 915–921.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Smeeding, S. J. W., Bradshaw, D. H., Kumpfer, K. L., Trevithick, S., & Stoddard, G. J. (2011). Outcome evaluation of the veterans affairs Salt Lake City integrative health clinic for chronic nonmalignant pain. The Clinical Journal of Pain, 27(2), 146–155. doi:10.1097/AJP.0b013e3181f158e8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Snarr, J. D., Heyman, R. E., & Slep, A. M. S. (2010). Recent suicidal ideation and suicide attempts in a large-scale survey of the U.S. Air Force: Prevalences and demographic risk factors. Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior, 40(6), 544–552. doi:10.1521/suli.2010.40.6.544.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Spera, C., Thomas, R. K., Barlas, F., Szoc, R., & Cambridge, M. H. (2011). Relationship of military deployment recency, frequency, duration, and combat exposure to alcohol use in the air force. Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs, 72(1), 5–14.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Stamm, S. (2009). Intimate partner violence in the military: Securing our country, starting with the home. Family Court Review, 47(2), 321–339. doi:10.1111/j.1744-1617.2009.01257.x.

  • Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration [SAMHSA]. (2004). The NSDUH report—male veterans with co-occurring serious mental illness and a substance use disorder. Rockville, MD: RTI International.

    Google Scholar 

  • Taft, C. T., Walling, S. M., Howard, J. M., & Monson, C. (2011). Trauma, PTSD, and partner violence in military families. In D. Riggs (Ed.), Risk and resilience in U.S. military families. (pp. 195–212). New York, NY USA: Springer Science+Business Media. doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-7064-0_10.

  • Tyndall, L. E., Hodgson, J. L., Lamson, A. L., White, M. B., & Knight, S. M. (2012). Medical Family Therapies: Charting a course in competencies. Contemporary Family Therapy. doi:10.1007/s10591-012-9191-9.

  • Uhart, M., & Wand, G. S. (2009). Stress, alcohol and drug interaction: An update of human research. Addiction Biology, 14(1), 43–64. doi:10.1111/j.1369-1600.2008.00131.x.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Warner, C. H., Appenzeller, G. N., Grieger, T., Belenkiy, S., Breitbach, J., Parker, J., et al. (2011). Importance of anonymity to encourage honest reporting in mental health screening after combat deployment. Archives of General Psychiatry, 68(10), 1065–1071.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Warner, C. M., Warner, C. H., Breitbach, J., Rachal, J., Matusz, T., & Grieger, T. A. (2007). Depression in entry-level military personnel. Military Medicine, 172(8), 795–799.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Whisman, M. A., Uebelacker, L. A., & Settles, T. D. (2010). Marital distress and the metabolic syndrome: Linking social functioning with physical health. Journal of Family Psychology, 24(3), 367–370. doi:10.1037/a0019547.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wood, S., Scarville, J., & Gravino, K. S. (1995). Waiting wives: Separation and reunion among Army wives. Armed Forces & Society, 21(2), 217–236.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zivin, K., Kim, H. M., McCarthy, J. F., Austin, K. L., Hoggatt, K. J., Walters, H., et al. (2007). Suicide mortality among individuals receiving treatment for depression in the veterans affairs health system: Associations with patient and treatment setting characteristics. American Journal of Public Health, 97(12), 2193–2198.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Melissa Lewis.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Lewis, M., Lamson, A. & Leseuer, B. Health Dynamics of Military and Veteran Couples: A Biopsychorelational Overview. Contemp Fam Ther 34, 259–276 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10591-012-9193-7

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10591-012-9193-7

Keywords

Navigation