Abstract
This work aims at the development and characterisation of bio-based active bi-layer films by solvent casting and electrospinning in order to be used for setting up active packaging solutions. Ethyl cellulose was used as the main material for the production of a layer on microfibrillated cellulose (MFC) films. This layer was formed with and without the incorporation of cinnamaldehyde (CNMA) which was used as antimicrobial compound. The MFC structures were obtained with a combination of different fibre dimensions and degree of fibrillation resulting in 16 different structures with porosities varying from 33 to 63%. A computational 3D simulation study of the porous structures was performed providing information about thickness, porosity and pore size uniformity and based on that a Picea abies-based MFC structure was selected. Structure characterization was evaluated using scanning electron microscopy, and pore dimensions were quantified using an image analysis tool. The bi-layer films chemical properties were studied using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction. Regarding barrier properties the bi-layer films produced by solvent casting were the ones showing a better barrier capacity. Both solvent casting and electrospinning processing showed to be useful to obtain a more hydrophobic surface (evaluated through contact angle measurements), being the higher values obtained for bi-layer films produced by electrospinning. Regarding colour parameters, the bi-layer films showed to be highly influenced by the production method and by the incorporation of CNMA. Regarding the antimicrobial activity, the bi-layer films with the incorporation of CNMA showed high antimicrobial activity against Listeria monocytogenes and Salmonella Typhimurium when the solvent casting method was used. Overall results showed that MFC-based films can be functionalised through the casting or electrospinning of ethyl cellulose solutions, aiming an antimicrobial and hydrophobic bi-layer film based on cellulose.
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Acknowledgments
This work was supported by Norte Regional Operational Program 2014–2020 (Norte2020) through the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) Nanotechnology based functional solutions (NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-000019).
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Martins, V.D.F., Cerqueira, M.A., Fuciños, P. et al. Active bi-layer cellulose-based films: development and characterization. Cellulose 25, 6361–6375 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10570-018-2021-y
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10570-018-2021-y