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Zinc Imidazolate Metal–Organic Frameworks-8-Encapsulated Enzymes/Nanoenzymes for Biocatalytic and Biomedical Applications

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Abstract

The pervasive nature, efficiency, and selectivity as catalysts make enzymes indispensable in chemical syntheses and drug delivery. Enzyme’s use is hindered by their fragile nature and high cost, and so, their encapsulation into MOFs is a crucial strategy for ensuring the maximum retention of enzyme activity and guaranteeing the distribution of analytes to and for the enzyme active sites. Owing to its efficient catalytic activity and high thermal and chemical stabilities of ZIF-8, it is an attractive carrier of enzymes for biosensing and biocatalysis. ZIF-8 is typically fabricated via a solvothermal procedure, although other synthesis methods like microwave, microwave-assisted, ionothermal, mechanochemical, steam-assisted, and sonochemical synthesis are used. Room-temperature synthesis is more eco-friendly and hence has received great applications. Metalloenzymes have gained attention because of their merits over natural enzymes. The iron porphyrin derivative, heme, contains the active site of hemeproteins. This active site mimics the peroxidase-like activity. The heme centre is encapsulated with ZIF-8 to form crystals and protect them. This strategy is widely utilized due to its excellent qualities in imitating the catalytic activities seen in native peroxidase. Protein-ZIF-8 hybrid amalgams availing greater catalytic activity for visual colourimetric biocatalytic sensing have attracted increasing interest by using ZIF-8 as an enzyme-immobilization matrix and fluorescence quencher. Our group hence outlined various mechanisms involved in synthesizing ZIF-8, comparing said methods, and discussed using ZIF_8@enzyme mimics for colourimetric assays. This paper ends by demonstrating ZIF-8 in other research directions.

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Abbreviations

ALP:

Alkaline Phosphatase

ATRP:

Atom transfer radical polymerization

BCA:

Bicinchoninic Acid

BCDs:

Blue carbon dots

BHb:

Bovine haemoglobin

Bmim-BF4:

Butyl-3-methyl-imidazolium tetrafluoroborate

BMP-6:

Bone morphogenetic protein-6

C10H22 :

Decane

CAD:

Computer aided design

CCS:

Carbon capture and storage

CDT:

Carbohydrate-deficient transferrin

CH4 :

Methane gas

CME:

Crucible melt exchange

CO2 :

Carbon dioxide

Cyt c-MOF:

Cytochrome C—Metal–Organic Framework

Dcp:

Dichlorophenol

ddH2O:

Double distilled water

DhHP:

Deuterohemin-Peptide

DhHP-6@ZIF-8:

Deuterohemin-Peptide functionalized Zeolitic imidazolate framework-8

DMF:

Dimethylformamide

DOX:

Doxorubicin

DOX@ZIF-8:

Doxorubicin functionalized Zeolitic imidazolate framework-8

EtOH:

Ethanol

FITC:

Fluorescein isothiocyanate

Fe-PDA:

Iron-polydopamine

Fe3O4 :

Iron oxide

FITC- GOx:

Fluorescein isothiocyanate – glucose oxidase

GCE:

Glassy Carbon Electrode

Gox:

Glucose oxidase

GOx@ZIF-8@Fe-PDA:

Glucose oxidase functionalized Zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 immobilized Iron-polydopamine

His:

Histidine

His@ZIF-8/Tb3+ :

Histidine functionalized Zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 doped terbium

hMSC:

Human mesenchymal stem cells

HPLC–UV:

High-performance liquid chromatography- ultra-violet

HP-PCN-224:

Hierarchically porous- porous coordination polymer-224

HRP:

Horseradish Peroxidase

HRP@ZIF-8:

Horseradish peroxidase functionalized Zeolitic imidazolate framework

HRP@ZIF-8/DNA:

Horseradish peroxidase functionalized Zeolitic imidazolate framework-8/Deoxyribonucleic acid

INAzymes:

PDA Immobilized nano-zymes

KCl:

Potassium chloride

KNO3 :

Potassium nitrate

KUST-1:

Hong Kong University of Science and Technology) – 1

L -SDS ZIF-8:

Lipase-sodium dodecyl sulphate assisted zeolitic imidazolate framework-8

LOD:

Limit of detection

MeIm:

Methylimidazole

MeOH:

Methanol

MIL-101(Cr):

Chromium terephthalate metal–organic framework

MOFs:

Metal Organic Frameworks

mRNA:

Messenger Ribonucleic acid

MSC:

Mesenchymal Stem Cell

MTBS:

Tributylmethylammonium methyl sulfate

Na2SO4:

Sodium sulfate

NaOH:

Sodium Hydroxide

OH:

Hydroxyl radicals

PBS:

Phosphate-buffered saline

PCL:

Polycaprolactone

PDT:

Photodynamic therapy

PEG:

Poly (ethylene glycol)

PER:

Primer exchange reaction

PLGA:

Poly (lactide-co-glycolide) acid

PMSC:

Porphyrin mesenchymal stem cells

PVA/H2O:

Poly(vinyl alcohol)/water

rbMSC:

Rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells

RhB-HRP:

Rhodamine B – horseradish peroxidase

ssDNA:

Single-stranded DNA

Tb:

Terbium

TMB:

Tetramethylbenzidine

UV-Vis:

Ultra-violet-visible

YCDs:

Yellow carbon dots

ZIF-8:

Zeolitic imidazolate framework-8

ZIF-8/GCE:

Zeolitic imidazolate framework-8/ Glassy Carbon Electrode

ZIF-8-lipase-SDS:

Zeolitic imidazolate framework-8- Lipase-Sodium dodecyl sulfate

ZIF-8@BHb ZIF-8:

Functionalized bovine haemoglobin

ZIF-8@PEDOT:

PSS Zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 functionalized polystyrene sulfonate-doped poly(3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene)

Zn(NO3):

Zinc nitrate

Zn(NO3)2·6H2O:

Zinc nitrate hexahydrate

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, People’s Republic of China

    Eliasu Issaka & Eric Gyimah

  2. School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, People’s Republic of China

    Jesse Nii Okai Amu-Darko

  3. School of Civil Engineering, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland

    Mabruk Adams

  4. School of Material Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Henan, People’s Republic of China

    Salome Yakubu

  5. Key Laboratory for Palygorskite Science and Applied Technology of Jiangsu Province, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Deep Utilization Technology of Rock-Salt Resource, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian, 223003, China

    Nisar Ali

  6. State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Economic and Technological Development Area (TEDA), Tianjin University of Science and Technology, No 29, 13th Avenue, Tianjin, 300457, People’s Republic of China

    Jiandong Cui

  7. School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian, 223003, China

    Muhammad Bilal

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Issaka, E., Amu-Darko, J.N.O., Adams, M. et al. Zinc Imidazolate Metal–Organic Frameworks-8-Encapsulated Enzymes/Nanoenzymes for Biocatalytic and Biomedical Applications. Catal Lett 153, 2083–2106 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10562-022-04140-x

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