Abstract
A hierarchical ZSM-5 zeolite composed of nano-sized MFI zeolite crystals was synthesized without using secondary template by a traditional hydrothermal procedure. The as-synthesized hierarchical ZSM-5 and a reference catalyst were both characterized by XRD, SEM, FT-IR, in situ infrared (IR) spectrometry of pyridine, NH3-TPD, N2 adsorption–desorption, intelligent gravimetric analyzer, and by thermogravimetry analyses. After examining and comparing the results, it is discovered that the hierarchical ZSM-5 catalyst displays excellent catalytic performance with an improved conversion of isopropylbenzene and a longer catalytic life because of its dramatically enlarged external surfaces. The results also display that the shortened diffusion path length contributes to enhancing the stability of the hierarchical catalyst by depressing the coking deposit during the catalytic cracking of n-octane.
Graphical Abstract
A wool-ball-like zeolite composed of nano-sized MFI crystals was synthesized without a secondary template by the traditional hydrothermal procedure. Nanocrystallization of crystal particles in the hierarchical ZSM-5 zeolite gives the catalyst an improved diffusion and a dramatically enhanced external surface which contributes to elevating pre-cracking of large molecules and catalytic longevity, and to offering a potential and high-efficiency FCC catalyst component.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Pérez-Ramírez J, Christensen CH, Egeblad K, Christensend CH, Groen JC (2008) Chem Soc Rev 37:2530
Mintova S, Gilson JP, Valtchev V (2013) Nanoscale 5:6693
Groen JC, Zhu WD, Brouwer S, Huynink SJ, Kapteijn F, Moulijn JA, Pérez-Ramírez J (2007) J Am Chem Soc 129:355
Mitchell S, Michels NL, Kunze K, Pérez-Ramírez J (2012) Nat Chem 4:825
Verboekend D, Pérez-Ramírez J (2011) Catal Sci Technol 1:879
Verboekend D, Vilé G, Pérez-Ramírez J (2012) Adv Funct Mater 22:916
Möller K, Yilmaz B, Jacubinas RM, Müller U, Bein T (2011) J Am Chem Soc 133:5284
Möller K, Yilmaz B, Müller U, Bein T (2011) Chem Mater 23:4301
Valtchev V, Balanzat E, Mavrodinova V, Diaz I, Fallah JE, Goupil JM (2011) J Am Chem Soc 133:18950
Song W, Liu ZT, Liu LP, Skov AL, Song N, Xiong G, Zhu KK, Zhou XG (2015) RSC Adv 5:31195
Hoang PH, Yoon KB, Kim DP (2012) RSC Adv 2:5323
Xue ZT, Ma JH, Zhang T, Miao HX, Li RF (2012) Mater Lett 68:1
Landau MV, Tavor D, Regev O, Kaliya ML, Herskowitz M, Valtchev V, Mintova S (1999) Chem Mater 11:2030
Chen HY, Lee PS, Zhang XY, Lu D (2013) J Mater Res 28:1356
Yoo WC, Kumar S, Penn RL, Tsapatsis M, Stein A (2009) J Am Chem Soc 131:12377
Jacobsen CJH, Madsen C, Janssens TVW, Jakobsen HJ, Skibsted J (2000) Micropor Mesopor Mater 39:393
Tao YS, Kanoh H, Kaneko K (2005) Langmuir 21:504
Tao YS, Kanoh H, Kaneko K (2003) J Am Chem Soc 125:6044
Tao YS, Hattori Y, Matumoto A, Kanoh H, Kaneko K (2005) J Phys Chem B 109:194
Tao YS, Kanoh H, Kaneko K (2003) J Phys Chem B 107:10974
Tang K, Wang YG, Song LJ, Duan LH, Zhang XT, Sun ZL (2006) Mater Lett 60:2158
Hartmann M (2004) Angew Chem Int Ed 43:5880
Tao YS, Kanoh H, Abrams L, Kaneko K (2006) Chem Rev 106:896
Fang YM, Hu HQ, Chen GH (2008) Chem Mater 20:1670
Xue ZT, Ma JH, Zheng JJ, Zhang T, Kang YH, Li RF (2012) Acta Mater 60:5712
Song HJ, Kim JC, Roh HS, Lee CW, Park S, Kim DW, Hong KS (2014) Mater Charact 96:13
Privman V, Goia DV, Park J, Matijevic E (1999) J Colloid Interface Sci 213:36
Roh HS, Choi GK, An JS, Cho CM, Kim DH, Park IJ, Noh TH, Kim DW, Hong KS (2011) Dalton Trans 40:6901
Mastropietro TF, Drioli E, Poerio T (2014) RSC Adv 4:21951
Chaves TF, Pastore HO, Cardoso D (2012) Micropor Mesopor Mater 161:67
Valtchev VP, Tosheva L (2013) Chem Rev 113:6734
Zhao QQ, Qin B, Zheng JJ, Du YZ, Sun WF, Ling FX, Zhang XW, Li RF (2014) Chem Eng J 257:262
Zhang XW, Guo Q, Qin B, Zhang ZZ, Ling FX, Sun WF, Li RF (2010) Catal Today 149:212
Zheng JJ, Wang GS, Pan M, Guo DL, Zhao QQ, Li B, Li RF (2015) Micropor Mesopor Mater 206:114
Emeis CA (1993) J Catal 141:347
Chica A, Corma A (1999) J Catal 187:167
Simon-Masseron A, Marques JP, Lopes JM, Ramôa Ribeiro F, Gener I, Guisnet M (2007) Appl Catal A Gen 316:75
Zheng JJ, Zeng QH, Zhang YY, Wang Y, Ma JH, Zhang XW, Sun WF, Li RF (2010) Chem Mater 22:6065
Ruthven DM, Brandani S, Eic M (2008) In: Karge HG, Weitkamp J (eds) Molecular sieves science and technology—adsorption and diffusion, vol 2. Springer, Berlin
Zheng JJ, Zhang HY, Pan M, Li B, Zhang Q, Kong QL, Liu ZP, Li RF (2015) J Inorg Mater 30:1161
Kim J, Choi M, Ryoo R (2010) J Catal 269:219
Zheng JJ, Yi YM, Wang WL, Guo K, Ma JH, Li RF (2013) Micropor Mesopor Mater 171:44
Zheng JJ, Ma JH, Wang Y, Bai YD, Zhang XW, Li RF (2009) Catal Lett 130:672
Martínez A, Peris E, Derewinski M, Burkat-Dulak A (2011) Catal Today 169:75
Wang X, Li YX, Luo C, Liu J, Chen BH (2013) RSC Adv 3:6295
Acknowledgments
This work is supported by the Joint Funds of the National Natural Science Foundation of China–China Petroleum and Chemical Corporation (the State Key Program Grant No. U1463209); the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 21371129; 21376157; 51272169).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding authors
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Zheng, J., Zhang, H., Liu, Y. et al. Synthesis of Wool-Ball-Like ZSM-5 with Enlarged External Surfaces and Improved Diffusion: A Potential Highly-Efficient FCC Catalyst Component for Elevating Pre-cracking of Large Molecules and Catalytic Longevity. Catal Lett 146, 1457–1469 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10562-016-1776-8
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10562-016-1776-8