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Pd Loaded TiO2 Nanotubes for the Effective Catalytic Reduction of p-Nitrophenol

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Abstract

Titania nanotubes decorated with Pd nanoparticles were synthesised by a hydrothermal method. The increased amounts of Pd concentration is found to facilitate the anatase to rutile crystalline phase transformation as well as in collapse of the morphology as revealed by X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, scanning and transmission electron microscopy. The presence of metallic as well as the oxidized form (PdO2) of surface metal ions was characterized by using XPS. The catalytic activity of the Pd loaded titania nanotubes has been demonstrated by studying the reduction of p-nitrophenol to p-aminophenol. The 1.0 mol% Pd loaded titania nanotubes has been found to exhibit optimum catalytic activity (rate constant of 0.7072 min−1) while those with higher amounts of Pd loading showed lower catalytic activity. It is observed that retention of tubular morphology and higher anatase content play significant roles in their catalytic activity.

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Acknowledgments

The authors acknowledge financial support from DST-SERB fast track (SR/FT/CS-122/2011). VK and MN acknowledge UGC for research fellowship. SP wishes to acknowledge financial support from the U.S. Ireland R&D Partnership Initiative, Science Foundation Ireland (SFI-Grant Number 10/US/I1822 (T)).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Electronics and Information Technology, Centre for Materials for Electronics Technology (C-MET), Government of India, Shoranur Road, M. G. Kavu, Athani P.O., Thrissur, Kerala, 680 581, India

    Vijila Kalarivalappil, C. M. Divya, Manoj Nageri, V. Kumar & Baiju K. Vijayan

  2. Material Science Department, Faculty of Engineering, Tokai University, Kitakaname 4-1-1, Hiratsuka, 259-1292, Japan

    W. Wunderlich

  3. Nanotechnology Research Group, Department of Environmental Sciences, Institute of Technology Sligo, Sligo, Ireland

    Suresh C. Pillai

  4. Centre for Precision Engineering, Materials and Manufacturing Research, Institute of Technology Sligo, Ash Lane, Sligo, Ireland

    Suresh C. Pillai

  5. The Surface Analysis Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, GU2 7XH, UK

    Steven J. Hinder

Authors
  1. Vijila Kalarivalappil
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  2. C. M. Divya
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  3. W. Wunderlich
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  4. Suresh C. Pillai
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  5. Steven J. Hinder
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  6. Manoj Nageri
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  7. V. Kumar
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  8. Baiju K. Vijayan
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Baiju K. Vijayan.

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Kalarivalappil, V., Divya, C.M., Wunderlich, W. et al. Pd Loaded TiO2 Nanotubes for the Effective Catalytic Reduction of p-Nitrophenol. Catal Lett 146, 474–482 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10562-015-1663-8

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10562-015-1663-8

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