Skip to main content
Log in

Understanding Corporate Social Responsibility and Product Perceptions in Consumer Markets: A Cross-cultural Evaluation

  • Published:
Journal of Business Ethics Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The concept of corporate social responsibility is becoming integral to effective corporate brand management. This study adopts a multidimensional and cross-country perspective of the concept and analyses consumer perceptions of behaviour of four leading consumer products manufacturers. Data was collected from consumers in two countries – Spain and the UK. The study analyses consumers’ degree of interest in corporate responsibility and its impact on their perception about the company. The findings here suggest a weak impact of company-specific communication on consumers’ perception. The implications of this study are relevant to companies for strengthening their social responsibility associations with the consumers.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Ahmed M., Chung K., J. Eichenseher: 2003, ‹Business Students’ Perception of Ethics and Moral Judgment: A Cross Cultural Study’, Journal of Business Ethics 43, 89–102

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Al-Khatib J., S. J. Vitell, M. Y. A. Rawwas: 1997 Consumer Ethics: A Cross-Cultural Investigation. European Journal of Marketing 31(11/12):750–767

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Anderson C. H.: 1986, ‹Hierarchical Moderated Regression Analysis: A Useful Tool for Retail Management Decisions’, Journal of Retailing 62(2), 186–203

    Google Scholar 

  • Anderson J. C., D. W. Gerbing: 1988, ‹Structural Equation Modelling in Practice: A Review and Recommended Two-Step Approach’, Psychological Bulletin 103(3), 453–460

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Andreassen T., B. Lindestad: 1998, ‹Customer Loyalty and Complex Services’, International Journal of Service Industry Management 9(1), 7–23

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Arbuthnot J.: 1977, ‹The Roles of Attitudinal and Personality Variables in the Prediction of Environment Behaviour and Knowledge’, Environment and Behaviour 9(2), 217–232

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Arlow P.: 1991, ‹Personal Characteristics in College Students: Evaluations of Business Ethics and Corporate Social Responsibility’, Journal of Business Ethics 10, 63–69

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Aupperle K. E., A. B. Carroll, J. D. Hatfield: 1985, ‹An Empirical Examination of the Relationship Between Corporate Social Responsibility and Profitability’, Academy of Management Journal 28(2), 446–463

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Aydin S., G. Ozer, O. Arasil: 2005, ‹Customer Loyalty and the effect of switching costs as a moderator variable: A case in the Turkish mobile phone market’, Marketing Intelligence & Planning 23, 89–103

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Babakus E., B. Cornwell, V. Mitchell, B. Schlegelmilch: 1994 Reactions to unethical consumer behavior across six countries. Journal of Consumer Marketing 21(4):254–263

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Babakus E., T. Cornwell, V. Mitchell, B. Schlegelmilch: 2004, ‹Reactions to Unethical Consumer Behaviour Across Six Countries’, Journal of Consumer marketing 21(4), 254–263

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bacon T.: 2004, ‹You Are How You Behave: Customer Can’t Be Fooled’, Journal of Business Strategy 25(4), 35–40

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bagozzi R. P., Y. Yi: 1988, ‹On the Evaluation of Structural Equation Models’, Journal of the Academy of Management Science 16(1), 74–94

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Balmer J. M. T.: 1995, ‹Corporate Branding and Connoisseurship’, Journal of General Management 21(1), 24–47

    Google Scholar 

  • Barich H., P. Kotler: 1991, ‹A Framework for Marketing Image Management’, Sloan Management Review Winter, 32(2), 94–109

    Google Scholar 

  • Barich H., V. Srinivasan: 1993, ‹Prioritizing Marketing Image Goals Under Resource Constraints’, Sloan Management Review Summer, 34(4), 69–76

    Google Scholar 

  • Barnard N. R., A. S. C. Ehrenberg: 1990, ‹Robust Measures of Consumer Brand Beliefs’, Journal of Marketing Research 27(4), 477–484

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Barwise T. P., A. S. C. Ehrenberg: 1985, ‹Consumer Beliefs and Brand Usage’, Journal of the Market Research Society 27(2), 81–93

    Google Scholar 

  • Bigne, E., R. Chumpitaz, L. Andreu and V. Swaen: 2005, ‹Percepción de la Responsabilidad Social Corporativa: Un Análisis Cross-Cultural’, Primer Trimestre, 14–27

  • Beggs J., M. Lane: 1989, ‹Corporate Goal Structures and Business Students: A Comparative Study of Values’, Journal of Business Ethics 8(6), 471–478

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bentler P. M.: 1995, EQS Structural Equations Program Manual, Multivariate Software Inc. Encino, CA

    Google Scholar 

  • Berens G., C. Van Riel, G. Van Bruggen: 2005, ‹Corporate Associations and Consumer Product Responses: The Moderating Role of Corporate Brand Dominance’, Journal of Marketing, 69, 35–48

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bloemer J., K. De Ruyter: 1998, ‹On the Relationship Between Store Image, Store Satisfaction and Store Loyalty’, European Journal of Marketing, 32(5/6), 499–513

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bobko P., C. J. Russell: 1994, ‹On Theory, Statistics and the Search for Interactions in the Organizational Sciences’, Journal of Management 20(1), 193–200

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bohata M.: 1997, ‹Business Ethics in Central and Eastern Europe with Special Focus on the Czech Republic’, Journal of Business Ethics 16(14), 537–400

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Boulstridge E., M. Carrigan: 2000, ‹Do Consumers Really Care About Corporate Responsibility? Highlighting the Attitude Behaviour Gap’, Journal of Communication Management 4(4), 355–368

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Brown, T. J., P. A. Dacin: 1997, ‹The Company and the Product: Corporate Associations and Consumer Product Responses’, Journal of Marketing 61(1), 68–84

    Google Scholar 

  • Burtin B., Farh J., H. Hegarty: 2000, ‹A Cross Cultural Comparison of Corporate Social Responsibility Orientation: Hong Kong Vs United States Students’, Teaching Business Ethics 4, 151–167

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Carroll A. B.: 1979, ‹A Three Dimensional Conceptual Model of Corporate Social Performance’, Academy of Management Review 4, 497–505

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Carroll, A. B.: 1991, ‹Corporate Social Performance Measurement: A Comment on Methods for Evaluating an Elusive Construct’, in L.E. Post (ed.), Research in Corporate Social Performance and Policy 12, 385–401

  • Caruana A.: 1997, ‹Corporate Reputation: Concept and Measurement’, Journal of Product & Brand Management 6(2), 109–118

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Clarkson M. B.: 1995, ‹A Stakeholder Framework for Analyzing and Evaluating Corporate Social Performance’, Academy of Management Review 20(1), 92–117

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • De Ruyter K., M. Wetzels, J. Bloemer: 1998, ‹On the Relationship Between Perceived Service Quality, Service Loyalty and Switching Costs’, International Journal of Service Industry Management 9(5), 436–453

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • De La Cuesta M., C. Valor: 2003, ‹Responsabilidad Social de la Empresa. Concepto, Medición y Desarrollo en España’, Boletín Económico del ICE 2813, 45–58

    Google Scholar 

  • Donaldson T., L. E. Preston: 1995, ‹The Stakeholder Theory of the Corporation: Concepts, Evidence and Implications’, Academy of Management Review, 20(1), 65–91

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Esrock S., G. Leichty: 1998, ‹Social Responsibility and Corporate Web Pages: Self Presentation or Agenda Setting?’, Public Relations Review, 24(3), 305–319

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fombrun C.: 1996, Reputation: Realizing Value from the Corporate Image. Boston: MA

    Google Scholar 

  • Fombrun C., M. Shanley, 1990: ‹What’s in a Name? Reputation Building and Corporate Strategy’, Academy of Management Journal 33, 233–258

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Forética: 2006, Evolución de la Responsabilidad Social de las Empresas en España (www.foretica.es)

  • Frederick W.: 1994, ‹From CSR1 to CSR2: The Maturing of Business and Society Thought’, Business and Society August, 33(2), 150–166

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Friedman M.: 1962, Capitalism and Freedom. Chicago, University of Chicago Press

    Google Scholar 

  • Fundación Ecología y Desarrollo: 2004, Responsabilidad Social Corporativa y Políticas Públicas (www.ecodes.org)

  • Garcia De Los Salmones M. M., A. Herrero, I. Rodriguez del Bosque: 2005, ‹Influence Of Corporate Social Responsibility On Loyalty And Valuation Of Services’, Journal of Business Ethics 61(4), 369–385

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Graafland J., S. C. W. Eiffinger, H. Smid: 2004, ‹Benchmarking of Social Corporate Responsibility: Methodological Problems and Robustness’, Journal of Business Ethics 53, 137–152

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gray R., R. Kouhy, S. Lavers: 1995 Corporate Social and Environmental Reporting: A Review of the Liternature and a Longitudinal Study of UK Disclosure. Accounting, Auditing & Accountability Journal 8(2):47–77

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Grünham L.: 1997, ‹Attitudes of Future Managers Towards Business Ethics: A Comparison of Finnish and American Business Students’, Journal of Business Ethics 16(4), 451–463

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hair, J. Jr., R. Anderson, R. Tatham and W. Black: 1999, Multivariate Analysis, editorial, Prentice Hall

  • Handelman J., S. Arnold: 1999, ‹The Role of Marketing Actions with a Social Dimension: Appeals to the Institutional Environment”, Journal of Marketing 63, 33–48

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hofstede G. 1983, ‹National Cultures in Four Dimensions: A Research Based Theory of Cultural Differences among nations’, International Studies of Management & Organization Spring/Summer, 13, 46–47

    Google Scholar 

  • Keller K. L.: 1993, ‹Conceptualizing, Measuring and Managing Customer Based Brand Equity’, Journal of Marketing 57(1), 1–22

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lafferty B., Goldsmith: 1999, ‹Corporate Credibility’s Role in Consumers’ Attitudes and Purchase Intentions when a High Versus a Low Credibility Endorser is Used in the Ad’, Journal of Business Research 44(2), 141–159

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lance C. E.: 1988, ‹Residual Centering, Exploratory and Confirmatory Moderator Analysis and Decomposition of Effects in Path Models Containing Interactions’, Applied Psychology Measurement 12(2), 163–175

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lewin A., T. Sakano, C. Stevens, B. Victor: 1995, ‹Corporate Citizenship in Japan: Survey from Japanese Firms’, Journal of Business Ethics 14(2), 83–101

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lysonski S., W. Gaidis: 1991, ‹A Cross Cultural Comparison of the Ethics of Business Students’, Journal of Business Ethics 10(2), 141–150

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Maignan I.: 2001, ‹Consumer Perceptions of Corporate Social Responsibility: A Cross Cultural Comparison’, Journal of Business Ethics 30(1), 57–73

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Maignan I., O. C. Ferrell: 2001, ‹Corporate Citizen as a marketing Instrument – Concepts, Evidence and Research Directions’, European Journal of Marketing 35(3/4), 457

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Maignan I., O. C. Ferrell: 2004, ‹Corporate Social Responsibility and Marketing: An Integrative Framework’, Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science 32(1), 3–19

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Maignan I., O. C. Ferrell, G. T. Hult: 1999, ‹Corporate Citizenship: Cultural Antecedents and Business Benefits’, Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science 27(4), 455–469

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Marckwill N., C. Fill: 1997, ‹Towards a Framework for Managing Corporate Identity’, European Journal of Marketing 31(5/6), 396–409

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mcguire J. B.: 1963, Business and Society. McGraw Hill, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Miesing P., J. Preble: 1985, ‹A Comparison of Five Business Philosophies’, Journal of Business Ethics 4(6), 465–476

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Micheals R., A. Dixon: 1994, ‹Sellers and Buyers on the Boundary : Potential Moderators of Role Stress-Job Outcome Relationships’, The Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science 22(1), 62–73

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mitchell A. A., P. A. Dacin: 1996, ‹The assessment of alternative measures of consumer Expertise’, Journal of Consumer Research 23(3), 219–239

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mohr L., D. Webb, K. Harris: 2001, ‹Do Consumers Expect Companies to be Socially Responsible? The Impact of Corporate Social Responsibility on Buying Behaviour’, The Journal of Consumer Affair 35(1), 45–72

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mohr L., D. Webb: 2005 The Effects of Corporate Social Responsibility and Price on Consumer Responses. The Journal of Consumer Affairs 39(1):121–147

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Park C., L. Feick, D. Mothersbaugh: 1992, ‹Consumer Knowledge Assessment: How Product Experience and Knowledge of Brands, Attributes and Features Affects What We Think’, Advances in Consumer Research 19, 193–198

    Google Scholar 

  • Polonsky M., P. Brito, J. Pinto, N. Higgs Kleyn: 2001, ‹Consumer Ethics in the European Union: A Comparison of Northern and Southern Views’, Journal of Business Ethics 31(2), 117–130

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Quazi A., D. O’Brien: 2000, ‹An Empirical Test of a Cross National Model of Corporate Social Responsibility’, Journal of Business Ethics 25(1), 33–52

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rawwas M., J. Vitell, A. Al Khatib: 1994, ‹Consumer Ethics: The Possible Effects to Terrorism and Civil Unrest on Ethical Values of Consumers’, Journal of Business Ethics 13(9), 223–231

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rawwas M.: 2001, ‹Culture, Personality and Morality: A Typology of International Consumers’ Ethical Beliefs’, International Marketing Review 18(2), 181–211

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rawwas M., S. Ziad, O. Mine: 2005, ‹Consumer Ethics: A Cross-Cultural Study of the Ethical Beliefs of Turkish and American Consumers’, Journal of Business Ethics 57(2), 183

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Robin D., E. Reidenbach: 1987, ‹Social Responsibility, Ethics and Marketing Strategy: Closing the Gap Between Concept and Application’, Journal of Marketing 51(1), 44–58

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rossouw G.: 1994: ‹Business Ethics in Developing Countries’, Business Ethics Quaterly 4(1), 43–51

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rust R., V. Zeithaml, K. Lemmon: 2000, Driving Customer Equity. The Free Press, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Selnes F.: 1993, ‹An Examination of the Effect of Product Performance on Brand Reputation, Satisfaction and Loyalty’, European Journal of Marketing 27(9), 19–35

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sen S., C. B. Bhattacharya: 2001, ‹Does Doing Good Always Lead to Doing Better? Consumer Reactions to Corporate Social Responsibility’, Journal of Marketing Research May, 38(2), 225–243

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schröder M., M. McEachern: 2005, ‹Fast Foods and Ethical Consumer Value: A Focus on McDonald’s and KFC’, British Food Journal 107(4), 212–224

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sharma S., R. M. Durand, O. Gur-Arie: 1981, ‹Identification and Analysis of Moderator Variables’, Journal of Marketing Research 18(3), 291–300

    Google Scholar 

  • Soderlund M.: 2002, ‹Customer Familiarity and Its Effects on Satisfaction and Behavioural Intentions’, Psychology & Marketing October 19(10), 861–883

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Steenkamp J. B., H. Van Trijp: 1991, ‹The Use of LISREL in Validating Marketing Constructs’, International Journal of Research in Marketing 8, 283–299

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Swaen V., J. Vanhamme: 2005, ‹The Use of Corporate Social Responsibility Arguments in Communication Campaigns: Does Source Credibility Matter?’, Advances in Consumer Research 32(1), 302–303

    Google Scholar 

  • Van Liere K. D., Dunlap, R.: 1980, ‹The Social Bases of Environment Concern: A Review of Hypothesis, Explanations and Empirical Evidence’, Public Opinion Quarterly 4, 181–197

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Vitell S., J. Paolillo: 2004, ‹A Cross Cultural Study of the Antecedents of the Perceived Role of Ethics and Social Responsibility’, Business Ethics: A European Review 13, 185–199

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Vitell S., E. Ramos: 2006, ‹The Impact of Corporate Ethical Values and Enforcement of Ethical Codes on the Perceived Importance of Ethics in Business: A Comparison of US and Spanish Managers’, Journal of Business Ethics 64(1), 31–43

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Jaywant Singh.

Additional information

Dr. Jaywant Singh is Senior Lecturer at Kingston University, London where he teaches consumer behaviour and international marketing. His research interests include customer loyalty, product variants, new brands, corporate social responsibility, and consumer panel data. He received his PhD in marketing in 2004.

Dr. Maria de Mar Garcia de los Salmones is Lecturer at University of Cantabria (Spain). Her current research interests include corporate social responsibility, brand image and consumer behaviour. She received her PhD in business administration in 2002.

Dr. Ignacio Rodriguez de Bosque is Professor of Marketing at the University of Cantabria (Spain). His current research interests include Business Communication, relationship marketing and distribution channels. He has published in several international journals such as Tourism, Management, Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services and Industrial Marketing Management.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Singh, J., de los Salmones Sanchez, M. & del Bosque, I. Understanding Corporate Social Responsibility and Product Perceptions in Consumer Markets: A Cross-cultural Evaluation. J Bus Ethics 80, 597–611 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-007-9457-6

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-007-9457-6

Keywords

Navigation