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From genetic abnormality to metastases: murine models of breast cancer and their use in the development of anticancer therapies

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Summary

Numerous mouse models of mammary cancer have been developed that mimic selective aspects of human disease. The use of these models has enabled preclinical chemotherapeutic, chemoprevention, and genetic therapy studies in vivo, the testing of gene delivery systems, and the identification of tumour and metastasis suppressor and inducer genes. This review has discussed the most abundantly used murine models of mammary cancer including: spontaneous tumours, chemically induced tumours, orthotopic and syngeneic tumour transplantation, injected tumours, and genetically engineered mice with a predisposition to neoplasia. Each model has been discussed with regards to its merits and limitations for investigating the genetic and phenotypic alterations involved in the human disease as well as its potential usefulness for the development of new treatment strategies. To date no single mouse model is available with the ability to replicate the entire disease process, however, existing models continue to provide invaluable insights into breast cancer induction and progression that would be impossible to obtain using in vitro models alone.

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Abbreviations

ADAMTS:

a disintegrin-like and metalloprotease with thrombospondin motifs

CCID:

cell culture infective doses

EGFR:

epidermal growth factor receptor

ER:

estrogen receptor

LOH:

loss of heterozygosity

MMPs:

matrix metalloproteinases

MMTV:

mouse mammary tumour virus

MMTV-LTR:

mouse mammary tumour virus longterminal repeat

MT:

metallothionein

NDF:

Neu differentiation factor

NOD:

nonobese diabetic

SERM:

selective estrogen receptor modulator

TGFβ:

transforming growth factor-beta

TIMP2:

tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase

WAP:

Whey acidic protein

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  1. Academic Unit of Clinical Oncology, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK

    P.D. Ottewell, P.D. Ottewell, R.E. Coleman & I. Holen

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  2. R.E. Coleman
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Ottewell, P., Coleman, R. & Holen, I. From genetic abnormality to metastases: murine models of breast cancer and their use in the development of anticancer therapies. Breast Cancer Res Treat 96, 101–113 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10549-005-9067-x

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