Abstract
A hallmark of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is the ability for cancer cells to aggressively infiltrate and navigate through a dense stroma during the metastatic process. Key features of the PDAC stroma include an abundant population of activated pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs) and highly aligned collagen fibers; however, important questions remain regarding how collagen becomes aligned and what the biological manifestations are. To better understand how PSCs, aligned collagen, and PDAC cells might cooperate during the transition to invasion, we utilized a microchannel-based in vitro tumor model and advanced imaging technologies to recreate and examine in vivo-like heterotypic interactions. We found that PSCs participate in a collaborative process with cancer cells by orchestrating the alignment of collagen fibers that, in turn, are permissive to enhanced cell migration. Additionally, direct contact between PSCs, collagen, and PDAC cells is critical to invasion and co-migration of both cell types. This suggests PSCs may accompany and assist in navigating PDAC cells through the stromal terrain. Together, our data provides a new role for PSCs in stimulating the metastatic process and underscores the importance of collagen alignment in cancer progression.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
P. A Agudelo-Garcia, J. K. De Jesus, S. P. Williams, M. O. Nowicki, E. A. Chiocca, S. Liyanarachchi, P. Li, J. J. Lannutti, J. K. Johnson, S. E. Lawler, M. S. Viapiano, Neoplasia 13, 831 (2011)
R. Alvarez, M. Musteanu, E. Garcia-Garcia, P.P. Lopez-Casas, D. Megias, C. Guerra, M. Munoz, Y. Quijano, A. Cubillo, J. Rodriguez-Pascual, C. Plaza, E. de Vicente, S. Prados, S. Tabernero, M. Barbacid, F. Lopez-Rios, M. Hidalgo, Br. J. Cancer 109, 926 (2013)
M. V Apte, P. S. Haber, T. L. Applegate, I. D. Norton, G. W. McCaughan, M. A. Korsten, R. C. Pirola, J. S. Wilson, Gut. 43, (1998)
M.V. Apte, L. Yang, P.A. Phillips, Z.H. Xu, W. Kaplan, M. Cowley, R.C. Pirola, J.S. Wilson, Am. J. Physiol. Liver Physiol. 305, G408 (2013)
T. Armstrong, G. Packham, L. B. Murphy, A. C. Bateman, J. A. Conti, D. R. Fine, C. D. Johnson, R. C. Benyon, J. P. Iredale, Clin. Cancer Res. 10, (2004)
K. M. Bever, E. A. Sugar, E. Bigelow, R. Sharma, D. Laheru, C. L. Wolfgang, E. M. Jaffee, R. A. Anders, A. De Jesus-Acosta, and L. Zheng, HPB (Oxford). 17, 292 (2015).
S. Bolte, F.P. Cordelières, J. Microsc. 224, 213 (2006)
J. Bredfeldt, Y. Liu, M. Conklin, P. Keely, T. Mackie, K. Eliceiri, Automated quantification of aligned collagen for human breast carcinoma, Prognosis (2014a)
J.S. Bredfeldt, Y. Liu, C.A. Pehlke, M.W. Conklin, J.M. Szulczewski, D.R. Inman, P.J. Keely, R.D. Nowak, T.R. Mackie, K.W. Eliceiri, J. Biomed. Opt. 19, 16007 (2014a)
T.A. Brentnall, L.A. Lai, J. Coleman, M.P. Bronner, S. Pan, R. Chen, PLoS One 7, e30219 (2012)
M.C. Cabrera, E. Tilahun, R. Nakles, E.S. Diaz-Cruz, A. Charabaty, S. Suy, P. Jackson, L. Ley, R. Slack, R. Jha, S.P. Collins, N. Haddad, B.V.S. Kallakury, T. Schroeder, M.J. Pishvaian, P.A. Furth, Front. Oncol. 4, 102 (2014)
S.P. Carey, C.M. Kraning-Rush, R.M. Williams, C.A. Reinhart-King, Biomaterials 33, 4157 (2012)
S.P. Carey, A. Starchenko, A.L. McGregor, C.A. Reinhart-King, Clin. Exp. Metastasis 30, 615 (2013)
J. Chen, Z. Chen, M. Chen, D. Li, Z. Li, Y. Xiong, J. Dong, X. Li, Int. J. Oncol. 34, 1029 (2009)
M.W. Conklin, J.C. Eickhoff, K.M. Riching, C.A. Pehlke, K.W. Eliceiri, P.P. Provenzano, A. Friedl, P.J. Keely, Am. J. Pathol. 178 (2011)
H.C. Crawford, C.R. Scoggins, M. Kay Washington, L.M. Matrisian, S.D. Leach, J. Clin. Invest. 109, 1437 (2002)
S. Dangi-Garimella, S. B. Krantz, M. R. Barron, M. A. Shields, M. J. Heiferman, P. J. Grippo, D. J. Bentrem, H. G. Munshi, Cancer Res. 71, (2011)
E. L. Deer, J. Gonzalez-Hernandez, J. D. Coursen, J. E. Shea, J. Ngatia, C. L. Scaife, M. A. Firpo, S. J. Mulvihill, Pancreas 39, (2010)
C.R. Drifka, K.W. Eliceiri, S.M. Weber, W.J. Kao, Lab Chip 13, 3965 (2013)
C.R. Drifka, A.G. Loeffler, K. Mathewson, A. Keikhosravi, J.C. Eickhoff, Y. Liu, S.M. Weber, W.J. Kao, K.W. Eliceiri. Oncotarget. (2016). doi:10.18632/oncotarget.12772
C.R. Drifka, J. Tod, A.G. Loeffler, Y. Liu, G.J. Thomas, K.W. Eliceiri, W.J. Kao, Mod. Pathol. 28, 1470 (2015)
W. Duan, J. Ma, Q. Ma, Q. Xu, J. Lei, L. Han, X. Li, Z. Wang, Z. Wu, S. Lv, Z. Ma, M. Liu, F. Wang, E. Wu, Curr. Cancer Drug Targets 14, 446 (2014)
C.C. DuFort, M.J. Paszek, V.M. Weaver, Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol. 12, 308 (2011)
M. Egeblad, M.G. Rasch, V.M. Weaver, Curr. Opin. Cell Biol. 22, 697 (2010)
M. Erkan, C.W. Michalski, S. Rieder, C. Reiser-Erkan, I. Abiatari, A. Kolb, N.A. Giese, I. Esposito, H. Friess, J. Kleeff, Clin. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 6, 1155 (2008a)
M. Erkan, C. W. Michalski, S. Rieder, C. Reiser-Erkan, I. Abiatari, A. Kolb, N. A. Giese, I. Esposito, H. Friess, J. Kleeff, Clin. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 6, (2008b)
M. Erkan, G. Adler, M. V Apte, M. G. Bachem, M. Buchholz, S. Detlefsen, I. Esposito, H. Friess, T. M. Gress, H.-J. Habisch, R. F. Hwang, R. Jaster, J. Kleeff, G. Kloeppel, C. Kordes, C. D. Logsdon, A. Masamune, C. W. Michalski, J. Oh, P. A. Phillips, M. Pinzani, C. Reiser-Erkan, H. Tsukamoto, J. Wilson, Gut 61, (2012a)
M. Erkan, S. Hausmann, C.W. Michalski, A.A. Fingerle, M. Dobritz, J. Kleeff, H. Friess, Nat. Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 9, 454 (2012a)
S.I. Fraley, P.-H. Wu, L. He, Y. Feng, R. Krisnamurthy, G.D. Longmore, D. Wirtz, Sci. Rep. 5, 14580 (2015)
F.E.M. Froeling, C. Feig, C. Chelala, R. Dobson, C.E. Mein, D.A. Tuveson, H. Clevers, I.R. Hart, H.M. Kocher, Gastroenterology 141, 1486 (2011)
H. Fujita, K. Ohuchida, K. Mizumoto, T. Egami, K. Miyoshi, T. Moriyama, L. Cui, J. Yu, M. Zhao, T. Manabe, M. Tanaka, Cancer Sci. 100, 2309 (2009a)
H. Fujita, K. Ohuchida, K. Mizumoto, K. Nakata, J. Yu, T. Kayashima, L. Cui, K. Miyoshi, N. Ikenaga, T. Egami, T. Manabe, T. Ohtsuka, M. Tanaka, Pancreas 38, 996 (2009b)
C. Gaggioli, S. Hooper, C. Hidalgo-Carcedo, R. Grosse, J.F. Marshall, K. Harrington, E. Sahai, Nat. Cell Biol. 9, 1392 (2007)
S. Gehler, M. Baldassarre, Y. Lad, Biol. Cell. 20, 3224 (2009)
S. M. Goicoechea, R. García-Mata, J. Staub, A Valdivia, L. Sharek, C. G. McCulloch, R. F. Hwang, R. Urrutia, J. J. Yeh, H. J. Kim, C. A Otey, Oncogene 1 (2013)
J.J. Grzesiak, M. Bouvet, Br. J. Cancer 94, 1311 (2006)
J. Guan, H. Zhang, Z. Wen, Y. Gu, Y. Cheng, Y. Sun, T. Zhang, C. Jia, Z. Lu, J. Chen, Cancer Lett. 345, 132 (2014)
A. Guzman, M.J. Ziperstein, L.J. Kaufman, Biomaterials 35, 6954 (2014)
S. Han, D. Delitto, D. Zhang, H.L. Sorenson, G.A. Sarosi, R.M. Thomas, K.E. Behrns, S.M. Wallet, J.G. Trevino, S.J. Hughes, Lab. Invest. 95, 1331 (2015a)
Y. Han, Y. Zhang, T. Jia, Y. Sun, Tumour Biol. 36, 1385 (2015b)
C. J. Hanley, F. Noble, M. Ward, M. Bullock, C. Drifka, M. Mellone, A. Manousopoulou, H. E. Johnston, A. Hayden, S. Thirdborough, Y. Liu, D. M. Smith, T. Mellows, W. J. Kao, S. D. Garbis, A. Mirnezami, T. J. Underwood, K. W. Eliceiri, G. J. Thomas, Oncotarget (2015)
D. Harjanto, J. S. Maffei, M. H. Zaman, PLoS One 6, (2011)
R.F. Hwang, T. Moore, T. Arumugam, V. Ramachandran, K.D. Amos, A. Rivera, B. Ji, D.B. Evans, C.D. Logsdon, Cancer Res. 68, 918 (2008)
O. Ilina, G.-J. Bakker, A. Vasaturo, R.M. Hofmann, P. Friedl, Phys. Biol. 8, 015010 (2011)
X. Jiang, I. Abiatari, B. Kong, M. Erkan, T. De Oliveira, N.A. Giese, C.W. Michalski, H. Friess, J. Kleeff, Pancreatology 9, 165 (2009)
R. Kadaba, H. Birke, J. Wang, S. Hooper, C.D. Andl, F. Di Maggio, E. Soylu, M. Ghallab, D. Bor, F.E.M. Froeling, S. Bhattacharya, A.K. Rustgi, E. Sahai, C. Chelala, P. Sasieni, H.M. Kocher, J. Pathol. 230, 107 (2013)
K.E. Kadler, A. Hill, E.G. Canty-Laird, Curr. Opin. Cell Biol. 20, 495 (2008)
G.S. Karagiannis, T. Poutahidis, S.E. Erdman, R. Kirsch, R.H. Riddell, E.P. Diamandis, Mol. Cancer Res. 10, 1403 (2012)
K. Kikuta, A. Masamune, T. Watanabe, H. Ariga, H. Itoh, S. Hamada, K. Satoh, S. Egawa, M. Unno, T. Shimosegawa, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 403, 380 (2010)
A. Koenig, C. Mueller, C. Hasel, G. Adler, A. Menke, Cancer Res. 66, 4662 (2006)
S. Kozono, K. Ohuchida, D. Eguchi, N. Ikenaga, K. Fujiwara, L. Cui, K. Mizumoto, M. Tanaka, Cancer Res. 73, 2345 (2013)
C.M. Kraning-Rush, S.P. Carey, M.C. Lampi, C.A. Reinhart-King, Integr. Biol. 5, 606 (2013)
P. Lee, R. Lin, J. Moon, L.P. Lee, Biomed. Microdevices 8, 35 (2006)
H. O. Lee, S. R. Mullins, J. Franco-Barraza, M. Valianou, E. Cukierman, J. D. Cheng, BMC Cancer 11, (2011)
K.R. Levental, H. Yu, L. Kass, J.N. Lakins, M. Egeblad, J.T. Erler, S.F.T. Fong, K. Csiszar, A. Giaccia, W. Weninger, M. Yamauchi, D.L. Gasser, V.M. Weaver, Cell 139, 891 (2009)
T. Liu, B. Lin, J. Qin, Lab Chip 10, (2010)
E. Lonardo, J. Frias-Aldeguer, P. C. Hermann, C. Heeschen, Cell Cycle 11, (2012)
J. Lu, S. Zhou, M. Siech, H. Habisch, T. Seufferlein, M.G. Bachem, Br. J. Cancer 110, 409 (2014)
E. Makareeva, S. Han, J.C. Vera, D.L. Sackett, K. Holmbeck, C.L. Phillips, R. Visse, H. Nagase, S. Leikin, Cancer Res. 70, 4366 (2010)
T. S. Mantoni, S. Lunardi, O. Al-Assar, A. Masamune, T. B. Brunner, Cancer Res. 71, (2011)
A. Masamune, K. Kikuta, M. Satoh, K. Satoh, T. Shimosegawa, Br. J. Pharmacol. 140, 1292 (2003)
A. Masamune, K. Kikuta, T. Watanabe, K. Satoh, M. Hirota, T. Shimosegawa, Am. J. Physiol. Gastrointest. Liver Physiol. 295, G709 (2008)
J.A. McCarroll, P.A. Phillips, R.K. Kumar, S. Park, R.C. Pirola, J.S. Wilson, M.V. Apte, Biochem. Pharmacol. 67, 1215 (2004)
J.A. McCarroll, S. Naim, G. Sharbeen, N. Russia, J. Lee, M. Kavallaris, D. Goldstein, P.A. Phillips, Front. Physiol. 5, 141 (2014)
J.C. McConnell, O.V. O’Connell, K. Brennan, L. Weiping, M. Howe, L. Joseph, D. Knight, R. O’Cualain, Y. Lim, A. Leek, R. Waddington, J. Rogan, S.M. Astley, A. Gandhi, C.C. Kirwan, M.J. Sherratt, C.H. Streuli, Breast Cancer Res. 18, 5 (2016)
J.A. McDonald, D.G. Kelley, T.J. Broekelmann, J. Cell Biol. 92, 485 (1982)
R.A. Morris, B. Damon, V. Mironov, V. Kasyanov, A. Ramamurthi, R. Moreno-Rodriguez, T. Trusk, J.D. Potts, R.L. Goodwin, J. Davis, S. Hoffman, X. Wen, Y. Sugi, C.B. Kern, C.H. Mjaatvedt, D.K. Turner, T. Oka, S.J. Conway, J.D. Molkentin, G. Forgacs, R.R. Markwald, J. Cell. Biochem. 101, 695 (2007)
O. Nadiarnykh, R. B. LaComb, M. A. Brewer, P. J. Campagnola, BMC Cancer 10, (2010)
A. Neesse, H. Algül, D.A. Tuveson, T.M. Gress, Gut 64, 1476 (2015)
K. Ohuchida, K. Mizumoto, M. Murakami, L.W. Qian, N. Sato, E. Nagai, K. Matsumoto, T. Nakamura, M. Tanaka, Cancer Res. 64, 3215 (2004)
K. P. Olive, M. A. Jacobetz, C. J. Davidson, A. Gopinathan, D. McIntyre, D. Honess, B. Madhu, M. A. Goldgraben, M. E. Caldwell, D. Allard, K. K. Frese, G. DeNicola, C. Feig, C. Combs, S. P. Winter, H. Ireland-Zecchini, S. Reichelt, W. J. Howat, A. Chang, M. Dhara, L. Wang, F. Rueckert, R. Gruetzmann, C. Pilarsky, K. Izeradjene, S. R. Hingorani, P. Huang, S. E. Davies, W. Plunkett, M. Egorin, R. H. Hruban, N. Whitebread, K. McGovern, J. Adams, C. Iacobuzio-Donahue, J. Griffiths, D. A. Tuveson, Science (80-.). 324, (2009)
A.J. Ottaviano, L. Sun, V. Ananthanarayanan, H.G. Munshi, Cancer Res. 66, 7032 (2006)
M. J. Oudin, O. Jonas, T. Kosciuk, L. C. Broye, B. C. Guido, J. Wyckoff, D. Riquelme, J. M. Lamar, S. B. Asokan, C. Whittaker, D. Ma, R. Langer, M. J. Cima, K. B. Wisinski, R. O. Hynes, D. A. Lauffenburger, P. J. Keely, J. E. Bear, F. B. Gertler, Cancer Discov. CD (2016)
C.M. Overall, O. Kleifeld, Br. J. Cancer 94, 941 (2006)
B.C. Ozdemir, T. Pentcheva-Hoang, J.L. Carstens, X. Zheng, C.-C. Wu, T.R. Simpson, H. Laklai, H. Sugimoto, C. Kahlert, S.V. Novitskiy, A. De Jesus-Acosta, P. Sharma, P. Heidari, U. Mahmood, L. Chin, H.L. Moses, V.M. Weaver, A. Maitra, J.P. Allison, V.S. LeBleu, R. Kalluri, Cancer Cell 25, 719 (2014)
P.A. Phillips, M.J. Wu, R.K. Kumar, E. Doherty, J.A. McCarroll, S. Park, R.C. Pirola, J.S. Wilson, M.V. Apte, Gut 52, 677 (2003)
S. Preibisch, S. Saalfeld, P. Tomancak, Bioinformatics 25, 1463 (2009)
P. P. Provenzano, K. W. Eliceiri, J. M. Campbell, D. R. Inman, J. G. White, P. J. Keely, Bmc Med. 4, (2006)
P.P. Provenzano, D.R. Inman, K.W. Eliceiri, J.G. Knittel, L. Yan, C.T. Rueden, J.G. White, P.J. Keely, BMC Med. 6, 11 (2008a)
P.P. Provenzano, D.R. Inman, K.W. Eliceiri, S.M. Trier, P.J. Keely, Biophys. J. 95, 5374 (2008b)
P.P. Provenzano, K.W. Eliceiri, P.J. Keely, Trends Cell Biol. 19, 638 (2009)
P.P. Provenzano, C. Cuevas, A.E. Chang, V.K. Goel, D.D. Von Hoff, S.R. Hingorani, Cancer Cell 21, 418 (2012)
L. Rahib, B.D. Smith, R. Aizenberg, A.B. Rosenzweig, J.M. Fleshman, L.M. Matrisian, Cancer Res. 74, 2913 (2014)
N. Rath, M.F. Olson, EMBO Rep. 13, 900 (2012)
C.B. Raub, V. Suresh, T. Krasieva, J. Lyubovitsky, J.D. Mih, A.J. Putnam, B.J. Tromberg, S.C. George, Biophys. J. 92, 2212 (2007)
A.D. Rhim, E.T. Mirek, N.M. Aiello, A. Maitra, J.M. Bailey, F. McAllister, M. Reichert, G.L. Beatty, A.K. Rustgi, R.H. Vonderheide, S.D. Leach, B.Z. Stanger, Cell 148, 349 (2012)
A.D. Rhim, P.E. Oberstein, D.H. Thomas, E.T. Mirek, C.F. Palermo, S.A. Sastra, E.N. Dekleva, T. Saunders, C.P. Becerra, I.W. Tattersa, C.B. Westphalen, J. Kitajewski, M.G. Fernandez-Barrena, M.E. Fernandez-Zapico, C. Iacobuzio-Donahue, K.P. Olive, B.Z. Stanger, Cancer Cell 25, 735 (2014)
K.M. Riching, B.L. Cox, M.R. Salick, C. Pehlke, A.S. Riching, S.M. Ponik, B.R. Bass, W.C. Crone, Y. Jiang, A.M. Weaver, K.W. Eliceiri, P.J. Keely, Biophys. J. 107, 2546 (2014)
A.H. Rosendahl, C. Gundewar, K. Said Hilmersson, L. Ni, M.A. Saleem, R. Andersson, Exp. Cell Res. 330, 300 (2015)
E. Ryschich, A. Khamidjanov, V. Kerkadze, M.W. Buchler, M. Zoller, J. Schmidt, Pancreas 38, 804 (2009)
M. Sada, K. Ohuchida, K. Horioka, T. Okumura, T. Moriyama, Y. Miyasaka, T. Ohtsuka, K. Mizumoto, Y. Oda, M. Nakamura, Cancer Lett. 372, 210 (2016)
R. Satoyoshi, S. Kuriyama, N. Aiba, M. Yashiro, M. Tanaka, Oncogene 34, 650 (2015)
W. Schneiderhan, F. Diaz, M. Fundel, S.X. Zhou, M. Siech, C. Hasel, P. Moller, J.E. Gschwend, T. Seufferlein, T. Gress, G. Adler, M.G. Bachem, J. Cell Sci. 120, 512 (2007)
M.H. Sherman, R.T. Yu, D.D. Engle, N. Ding, A.R. Atkins, H. Tiriac, E.A. Collisson, F. Connor, T. Van Dyke, S. Kozlov, P. Martin, T.W. Tseng, D.W. Dawson, T.R. Donahue, A. Masamune, T. Shimosegawa, M.V. Apte, J.S. Wilson, B. Ng, S.L. Lau, J.E. Gunton, G.M. Wahl, T. Hunter, J.A. Drebin, P.J. O’Dwyer, C. Liddle, D.A. Tuveson, M. Downes, R.M. Evans, Cell 159, 80 (2014)
Q. Shi, R.P. Ghosh, H. Engelke, C.H. Rycroft, L. Cassereau, J.A. Sethian, V.M. Weaver, J.T. Liphardt, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 111, 658 (2014)
A.C. Shieh, H.A. Rozansky, B. Hinz, M.A. Swartz, Cancer Res. 71, 790 (2011)
M.A. Shields, S. Dangi-Garimella, S.B. Krantz, D.J. Bentrem, H.G. Munshi, J. Biol. Chem. 286, 10495 (2011)
M.A. Shields, S.B. Krantz, D.J. Bentrem, S. Dangi-Garimella, H.G. Munshi, J. Biol. Chem. 287, 6218 (2012)
M. Sinn, C. Denkert, J.K. Striefler, U. Pelzer, J.M. Stieler, M. Bahra, P. Lohneis, B. Dörken, H. Oettle, H. Riess, B.V. Sinn, Br. J. Cancer 111, 1917 (2014)
J. Sottile, F. Shi, I. Rublyevska, H.-Y. Chiang, J. Lust, J. Chandler, C. H-y, Am. J. Physiol. Cell Physiol. 293, 1934 (2007)
O. Strobel, N. Dadabaeva, K. Felix, T. Hackert, N.A. Giese, R. Jesenofsky, J. Werner, Langenbeck’s Arch. Surg. / Dtsch. Gesellschaft Für Chir. 401, 89 (2016)
T. Stylianopoulos, J.D. Martin, V.P. Chauhan, S.R. Jain, B. Diop-Frimpong, N. Bardeesy, B.L. Smith, C.R. Ferrone, F.J. Hornicek, Y. Boucher, L.L. Munn, R.K. Jain, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 109, 15101 (2012)
A. Suetsugu, C.S. Snyder, H. Moriwaki, S. Saji, M. Bouvet, R.M. Hoffman, Anticancer Res. 35, 2545 (2015)
K. E. Sung, G. Su, C. Pehlke, S. M. Trier, K. W. Eliceiri, P. J. Keely, A. Friedl, D. J. Beebe, Biomaterials 30, (2009)
K. E. Sung, N. Yang, C. Pehlke, P. J. Keely, K. W. Eliceiri, A. Friedl, D. J. Beebe, Integr. Biol. 3, (2011)
L. Tian, Z.-P. Lu, B.-B. Cai, L.-T. Zhao, D. Qian, Q.-C. Xu, P.-F. Wu, Y. Zhu, J.-J. Zhang, Q. Du, Y. Miao, K.-R. Jiang, Int. J. Oncol. 48, 783 (2016)
J. Tod, V. Jenei, G. Thomas, D. Fine, Pancreatology (2012)
T. Velling, J. Risteli, K. Wennerberg, D.F. Mosher, S. Johansson, J. Biol. Chem. 277, 37377 (2002)
A. Vonlaufen, S. Joshi, C.F. Qu, P.A. Phillips, Z.H. Xu, N.R. Parker, C.S. Toi, R.C. Pirola, J.S. Wilson, D. Goldstein, M.V. Apte, Cancer Res. 68, 2085 (2008)
C. J. Whatcott, H. Han, D. D. Von Hoff, Cancer J. 21, 299 (2015)
A.Y. Wehr, E.E. Furth, V. Sangar, I.A. Blair, K.H. Yu, Pancreas 40, 557 (2011)
K. Wolf, Y.I. Wu, Y. Liu, J. Geiger, E. Tam, C. Overall, M.S. Stack, P. Friedl, Nat. Cell Biol. 9, 893 (2007)
K. Wolf, M. te Lindert, M. Krause, S. Alexander, J. te Riet, A.L. Willis, R.M. Hoffman, C.G. Figdor, S.J. Weiss, P. Friedl, J. Cell Biol. 201, 1069 (2013)
M.A. Wozniak, R. Desai, P.A. Solski, C.J. Der, P.J. Keely, J. Cell Biol. 163, 583 (2003)
J.B. Wyckoff, S.E. Pinner, S. Gschmeissner, J.S. Condeelis, E. Sahai, Curr. Biol. 16, 1515 (2006)
Z.H. Xu, A. Vonlaufen, P.A. Phillips, E. Fiala-Beer, X.G. Zhang, L. Yang, A.V. Biankin, D. Goldstein, R.C. Pirola, J.S. Wilson, M.V. Apte, Am. J. Pathol. 177, 2585 (2010)
H. Yamaguchi, R. Sakai, Cancers (Basel) 7, 2054 (2015)
H. Yamaguchi, N. Yoshida, M. Takanashi, Y. Ito, K. Fukami, K. Yanagihara, M. Yashiro, R. Sakai, PLoS One 9, (2014)
N. Yang, A. Friedl, PLoS One 11, e0150132 (2016)
N. Yang, R. Mosher, S. Seo, D. Beebe, A. Friedl, Am. J. Pathol. 178, 325 (2011)
Acknowledgments
The authors would like to acknowledge the Translational Research Initiatives in Pathology Laboratory, Translational Science BioBank, and Experimental Pathology Laboratory for services including histology and tissue acquisition. We also thank Dr. Patricia Keely for useful discussions, and members of the Beebe Lab for help with microchannel fabrication. We acknowledge funding from the Laboratory for Optical and Computational Instrumentation, the UW School of Pharmacy, and the National Institutes of Health (NIH) grant P30 CA014520 to the University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center (for shared services).
Author contributions
CRD, AGL, SMW, KWE, and WJK conceived and designed the study. CRD performed all experiments and analyzed data with support from CRE. CRD, KWE, and WJK wrote the manuscript.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Disclosures
The authors declare no potential conflicts of interest.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Drifka, C.R., Loeffler, A.G., Esquibel, C.R. et al. Human pancreatic stellate cells modulate 3D collagen alignment to promote the migration of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma cells. Biomed Microdevices 18, 105 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10544-016-0128-1
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10544-016-0128-1