Abstract
The effect of cadmium on growth and contents of glutathione (GSH) and phytochelatins (PCs) were investigated in roots and leaves of tomato plants (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. cv. 63/5 F1). The accumulation of Cd increased with external Cd concentrations and was considerably higher in roots than in leaves. Dry mass production decreased under Cd treatment especially in leaves. In both roots and leaves, exposure to Cd caused an appreciable decline in GSH contents and increase in PCs synthesis proportional to Cd concentrations in the growth medium. At the same Cd concentration, PCs production was higher in roots than in leaves. The implication of glutathione in PC synthesis was strongly suggested by the use of buthionine sulfoximine (BSO). The major fraction of Cd accumulated by tomato roots was in the form of a Cd-PCs complex.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
Abbreviations
- BSO:
-
buthionine sulfoximine
- GSH:
-
glutathione
- NPT:
-
nonprotein thiol
- PCs:
-
phytochelatins
- TBARS:
-
thiobarbituric acid reactive substances
References
Agrawal, V., Sharma, K.: Phytotoxic effects of Cu, Zn, Cd and Pb on in vitro regeneration and concomitant protein changes in Holarrhena antidysenterica.-Biol. Plant. 50: 307–310, 2006.
Alia, K.V.S.K., Prasad, P., Pardha Saradhi, P.: Effect of zinc on free radicals and proline in Brassica and Cajanus.-Phytochemistry 42: 45–47, 1995.
Anderson, M.E.: Determination of glutathione and glutathione disulfide in biological samples.-Methods Enzymol. 113: 548–555, 1985.
Arbona, V., Flors, V., Garcia-Agustin, P., Gomez-Cadenas, A.: Enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant responses of Carrizo citrange, salt-sensitive citrus rootstock, to different levels of salinity.-Plant Cell Physiol. 44: 388–394, 2003.
Ben Ammar, W., Nouairi, I., Tray, B., Zarrouk, M., Jemal, F., Ghorbal, M.H.: Effets du cadmium sur l’accumulation ionique et les teneurs en lipides dans les feuilles de tomate (Lycopersicon esculentum).-J. Soc. Biol. 199: 157–163, 2005.
Buege, A.J., Aust, S.D.: Microsomal lipid peroxidation,-Method Enzymol. 52: 302–310, 1972.
Clemens, S.: Molecular mechanisms of plant metal tolerance and homeostasis.-Plant 212: 475–486, 2001.
Clemens, S.: Evolution and function of phytochelatin synthase.-J. Plant Physiol. 163: 319–332, 2006.
Cobbett, C.S.: Phytochelatin biosynthesis and function in heavy-metal detoxification.-Curr. Opin. Plant Biol. 3: 211–216, 2000.
De Pinto, M.C., Tommasi, F., De Gara, L.: Enzymes of the ascorbate biosynthesis and ascorbate-glutathione cycle in cultured cells of tobacco bright yellow (BY-2 line).-Plant Physiol. Biochem. 38: 541–550, 2000.
De Vos, C.H., Marjolein, R.V.J., Vooijs, R., Schat, H.: Glutathione depletion due to copper-induced phytochelatin synthesis causes oxidative stress in Silene cucubalus.-Plant Physiol. 98: 853–858, 1992.
Drazić, G., Mihailović, N., Lojić, M.: Cadmium accumulation in Medicago sativa seedlings treated with salicylic acid.-Biol. Plant. 50: 239–244, 2006.
Ellman, G.L.: Tissue sulfhydryl groups.-Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 82: 70–77, 1959.
Gouia, H., Suzuki, A., Brultfert, J., Ghorbal, M.H.: Effects of cadmium on the co-ordination of nitrogen and carbon metabolism in bean seedlings.-J. Plant Physiol. 160: 367–376, 2003.
Grill, E., Winnacker, E., Zenk, M.H.: Phytochelatins the principal heavy-metal complexing peptides of higher plants.-Science 230: 674–676, 1985.
Ha, S.B., Smith, A.P., Howden, R., Dietrich, W.H., Bugg, S., O’Connell, M.J., Goldsbrough, P.B., Cobbet, C.S.: Phytochelatin synthase genes from Arabidopsis and yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe.-Plant Cell. 11: 1153–1164, 1999.
Hall J.L.: Cellular mechanisms for heavy metal detoxification and tolerance.-J. exp. Bot. 53: 1–11. 2002.
Inouhe, M.: Phytochelatins.-Braz. J. Plant Physiol. 17: 65–78, 2005.
Jemal, F., Didierjean, L., Ghrir, R., Ghorbal, M.H., Burkard, G.: Characterization of cadmium binding peptides from pepper (Capsicum annuum).-Plant Sci. 137: 143–154, 1998.
Krupa, Z.., Öquist, G., Huner, N.P.A.: The effects of cadmium on photosynthesis of Phaseolus vulgaris. A fluorescence analysis.-Physiol. Plant. 88: 626–630, 1993.
Li, Y., Parkash, O.D., Laura, C., David, L., Alice, C., Julian, I.S., Rebecca, S.B., Richard, B.M.: Overexpression of phytochelatin synthase in Arabidopsis leads to enhanced arsenic tolerance and cadmium hypersensitivity.-Plant Cell Physiol. 45: 1787–1797, 2004.
Meneguzzo, S., Navari-Izzo, F., Izzo, R.: Antioxidant responses of shoots and roots of wheat to increasing NaCl concentrations.-J. Plant. Physiol. 155: 274–280, 1999.
Nocito, F., Pirovano, L., Cocucci, M., Sacchi, A.: Cadmium-induced sulfate uptake in maize roots.-Plant Physiol. 129: 1872–1879, 2002.
Noctor, G., Foyer, C.H.: Ascorbate and glutathione: keeping active oxygen under control.-Annu Rev. Plant Physiol. Plant mol. Biol. 49: 249–279, 1998.
Noctor, G., Gomez, L., Vanacker, H., Foyer, C.H.: Interactions between biosynthesis, compartmentation and transport in the control of glutathione homeostasis and signalling.-J. exp. Bot. 53: 1283–1304, 2002.
Nouairi, I., Ben Ammar, W., Ben Youssef, N., Ben Miled Daoud, D., Ghorbal, M.H., Zarrouk, M.: Comparative study of cadmium effects on membrane lipid composition of Brassica juncea and Brassica napus leaves.-Plant Sci. 170: 511–519, 2005.
Pietrini, F., Iannelli, M.A., Pasqualini, S., Massacci, A.: Interaction of cadmium with glutathione and photosynthesis in developing leaves and chloroplasts of Phragmites australis.-Plant Physiol. 133: 829–837, 2003.
Rauser, W.E.: Phytochelatins and related peptides. Structure, biosynthesis and function.-Plant Physiol. 109: 1141–1149, 1995.
Rea, P.A., Li, Z.S., Lu, Y.P., Drozodowicz, Y.M., Martinoia, E.: From vacuolar GS-X pumps to multispecific ABC transporters.-Annu. Rev. Plant Physiol. Plant mol. Biol. 49: 727–760, 1998.
Rennenberg, H.: Glutathione metabolism and possible biological roles in higher plants.-Phytochemistry 21: 2771–2781, 1982.
Sandalio, L.M., Dalurzo, H.C., Gomez, M., Romero-Puertas, M.C., Del Rio, L.A.: Cadmium induced changes in the growth and oxidative metabolism of pea plants.-J. exp. Bot. 152: 2115–2126, 2001.
Scarano, G., Morelli, E.: Characterization of cadmium and lead-phytochelatins complexes formed in marine microalgae in response to metal exposure.-BioMetals 15: 145–151, 2002.
Scebba, F., Arduini, I., Ercoli, L., Sebastiani, L.: Cadmium effects on growth and antioxidant enzymes activities in Miscanthus sinensis.-Biol. Plant. 50: 688–692, 2006.
Xiang, C., Werner, B.L., Christensen, E.M., Oliver, D.J.: The biological functions of glutathione revisited in Arabidopsis transgenic plants with altered glutathione levels.-Plant Physiol. 126: 564–574, 2001.
Yu, C..W., Murphy, T.M., Sung, W.W., Lin, C.H.: H2O2 treatment induces glutathione accumulation and chilling tolerance in mung bean.-Funct. Plant Biol. 29: 1081–1087, 2002.
Yurekli, F., Unyayar, A., Porgali, Z.B., Mazmanci, M.A.: Effects of cadmium exposure on phytochelatin and the synthesis of abscisic acid in Funalia trogii.-Eng. Life Sci. 4: 478–380, 2004.
Zhu, O.Y.L., Pilon-Smits, E.A.H., Jouanin, l., Terry, N.: Overexpression of glutathione synthetase in Indian mustard enhances cadmium accumulation and tolerance.-Plant Physiol. 119: 73–79, 1999.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Ben Ammar, W., Mediouni, C., Tray, B. et al. Glutathione and phytochelatin contents in tomato plants exposed to cadmium. Biol Plant 52, 314–320 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10535-008-0065-9
Received:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10535-008-0065-9