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Hematological indices and activity of NTPDase and cholinesterase enzymes in rats exposed to cadmium and treated with N-acetylcysteine

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Abstract

The present study aimed to investigate the influence of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) on cadmium (Cd) poisoning by evaluating Cd concentration in tissues, hematological indices as well as the activity of NTPDase, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) enzymes of rats exposed to Cd and co-treated with NAC. For this purpose, the rats received Cd (2 mg/kg) and NAC (150 mg/kg) by gavage every other day for 30 days. Animals were divided into four groups (n = 6–8): control/saline, NAC, Cd, and Cd/NAC. Cd exposure increased Cd concentration in plasma, spleen and thymus, and NAC co-treatment modulated this augment in both lymphoid organs. Cd exposure reduced red blood cell count, hemoglobin content and hematocrit value. Cd intoxication caused a decrease in total white blood cell count. NAC treatment per se caused an increase in lymphocyte and a decrease in neutrophil counts. On contrary, Cd exposure caused a decrease in lymphocyte and an increase in neutrophil and monocyte counts. NAC reversed or ameliorated the hematological impairments caused by Cd poisoning. There were no significant alterations in the NTPDase activity in lymphocytes of rats treated with Cd and/or NAC. Cd caused a decrease in the activities of lymphocyte AChE, whole blood AChE and serum BChE. However, NAC co-treatment was inefficient in counteracting the negative effect of Cd in the cholinesterase activities. The present investigation provides ex vivo evidence supporting the hypothesis that Cd induces immunotoxicity by interacting with the lymphoid organs, altering hematological parameters and inhibiting peripheral cholinesterase activity. Also, it highlights the possibility to use NAC as adjuvant against toxicological conditions.

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Acknowledgments

This work is supported by the FINEP research grant (Rede Instituto Brasileiro de Neurociência (IBN-Net) # 01.06.0842-00) and INCT for Excitotoxicity and Neuroprotection—MCT/CNPq. In addition, the authors also gratefully acknowledge the Coordenação e Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES), Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq), and Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul (FAPERGS) for the research fellowships.

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There are no conflicts of interest for any of the authors.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcellos 2600-Anexo, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil

    Jamile F. Gonçalves & Maria Rosa C. Schetinger

  2. Departamento de Química, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Campus Universitário Camobi, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil

    Marta M. M. F. Duarte, Amanda M. Fiorenza, Roberta Schmatz, Fabiane G. Antes, Pauline Costa, Fátima H. Abdalla, Valderi L. Dressler, Vera M. Morsch & Maria Rosa C. Schetinger

  3. Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos, Setor de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Campus Universitário Capão do Leão, Pelotas, RS, 96010-900, Brazil

    Roselia M. Spanevello

  4. Departamento de Clínica de Pequenos Animais, Setor de Patologia Clínica Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Campus Universitário, Camobi, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil

    Cinthia M. Mazzanti

  5. Colegiado do Curso de Enfermagem, Universidade Federal da Fronteira Sul, Chapecó, SC, 89812-000, Brazil

    Margarete D. Bagatini

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  1. Jamile F. Gonçalves
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  2. Marta M. M. F. Duarte
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  3. Amanda M. Fiorenza
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  7. Margarete D. Bagatini
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  8. Fabiane G. Antes
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  9. Pauline Costa
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  10. Fátima H. Abdalla
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  11. Valderi L. Dressler
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  12. Vera M. Morsch
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  13. Maria Rosa C. Schetinger
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Correspondence to Jamile F. Gonçalves or Maria Rosa C. Schetinger.

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Gonçalves, J.F., Duarte, M.M.M.F., Fiorenza, A.M. et al. Hematological indices and activity of NTPDase and cholinesterase enzymes in rats exposed to cadmium and treated with N-acetylcysteine. Biometals 25, 1195–1206 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10534-012-9582-2

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