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Soil volume and carbon storage shifts in drained and afforested wetlands of the Paraná River Delta

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Abstract

Wetland ecosystems have a high carbon storage potential as a result of high primary productivity and low decomposition rates dictated by water saturation. In the herbaceous wetlands of the Paraná River Delta, drainage and afforestation with poplars represents one of the dominant land uses. We explored the effects of these interventions on the volume and carbon storage of the young sedimentary soils of the region. At three sites we identified paired stands occupying similar landscape positions and soil types but subject to natural flooding and covered by natural herbaceous communities or drainage and flood control by dikes and covered by poplar plantations established 12, 17 and 19 years ago. Soil sampling at these sites revealed a reduction of the litter compartment (−86 %) and decreasing volume and porosity of its underlying mineral layer (0–10 cm in the wetland reduced to 0–4 cm in the plantation). Our comparisons of carbon storage accounted for these volumetric shifts by using accumulated mineral mass rather than depth as a reference, showing that tree plantations gained in the mineral soil (22 Mg C ha−1) almost as much as what they lost in the litter. These gains were particularly large at intermediate depths (4–43 cm in the plantations) were soil porosity remained unaffected and C was raised by 64 % explained by (1) the pulse of inputs from overlaying litter and organic layers subject to rapid decomposition and mobilization after drainage and (2) root colonization, since tree plantations had 75 % of their fine root biomass at these intermediate soil depths, whereas roots in the wetlands did not explore the mineral soil profile and were completely confined to the organic layer. A neutral C balance following wetland drainage and afforestation resulted from the opposing effects of aeration, favoring decomposition in the organic layer, root colonization and organic matter stabilization, favoring its accumulation in the mineral soil.

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Acknowledgments

We are grateful for Mark Brinson, Marta Borro, Carolina Pérez, Manuel García Cortés, Ezequiel Fernández Tschieder, Javier Álvarez and Nicolás Del Tufo for field, GIS and laboratory assistance. We thank for farm owners and managers Cosentino J. L., Gómez A., Enzunza P. and Wosekian E. provided access to plantations, wetlands and helpful information. This research was supported by National Forest Program (PNFOR41241) and strategic area of environmental management (AEGA223022) of Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA, Argentina) and Inter American Institute for Global Change research (CRN2031).

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  1. Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Delta del Paraná, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Buenos Aires, Argentina

    Darío S. Ceballos

  2. Laboratorio de Investigaciones de Sistemas Ecológicos y Ambientales (LISEA), Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestales, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina

    Jorge Frangi

  3. Grupo de Estudios Ambientales, IMASL-CONICET, Universidad Nacional de San Luis, San Luis, Argentina

    Esteban G. Jobbágy

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  1. Darío S. Ceballos
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Correspondence to Darío S. Ceballos.

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Ceballos, D.S., Frangi, J. & Jobbágy, E.G. Soil volume and carbon storage shifts in drained and afforested wetlands of the Paraná River Delta. Biogeochemistry 112, 359–372 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10533-012-9731-2

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