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Using fisheries data to model the oceanic habitats of juvenile silky shark (Carcharhinus falciformis) in the tropical eastern Atlantic Ocean

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Abstract

Investigating the relationship between species and environmental conditions is key for the correct management of highly migratory large pelagic species like silky shark (Carcharhinus falciformis). This species is currently ranked as vulnerable by the International Union for Conservation of Nature and the population trend may be decreasing globally. Tuna fisheries annually catch around 5 million tons worldwide but may have effects on the ecosystem, including impacts on certain sensitive non-target species. We provide the first insights into the environmental preferences of silky shark in the Atlantic Ocean by modelling their presence from tropical tuna purse seine observer data (~ 7500 fishing sets between 2003 and 2015) with a set of biotic and abiotic oceanographic factors, spatial–temporal terms and fishing operation variables. Oceanographic data (sea surface temperature, sea surface temperature change, salinity, sea surface height, chlorophyll-a, chlorophyll-a change, oxygen, and current information such as speed, direction and eddy kinetic energy) were downloaded and processed from the EU Copernicus Marine Environment Monitoring Service. Results provide information on the hotspots dynamics of silky shark as well as its habitat preferences. Models detected a significant relationship between seasonal upwelling events, mesoscale features and silky shark presence and suggested strong interaction between productive systems and the spatial–temporal distribution of the species. The model also highlighted both persistent (i.e. Gabon) and temporary areas (i.e. Guinea and southern-central tropical Atlantic Ocean) for silky shark in the region. This information could be used to assist tuna regional fisheries management organizations in the conservation and management of this vulnerable non-target species.

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Notes

  1. Man-made floating objects usually constructed and deployed at sea as bamboo rafts with an underwater part with the aim of attracting target species.

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Acknowledgements

The authors sincerely thank Dr. Maite Louzao and Igor Arregi for their useful comments, suggestion and assistance while developing the study. We also thank the comments of the 2 anonymous reviewers that considerably improved the manuscript. This is paper 961 from AZTI-tecnalia.

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Author notes

  1. Jon Lopez

    Present address: Inter-American Tropical Tuna Commission, 8901 La Jolla shores drive, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA

  2. Hilario Murua

    Present address: International Seafood Sustainability Foundation (ISSF), 1440 G Street NW, Washington, DC, 20005, USA

Authors and Affiliations

  1. AZTI, Herrera kaia, Portualdea z/g, 20110, Pasaia, Spain

    Jon Lopez & Hilario Murua

  2. SOCIB, Edificio Norte. Bloque A, Parc Bit, 07122, Palma, Spain

    Diego Alvarez-Berastegui

  3. Instituto Español de Oceanografía (IEO), Centro Oceanográfico de Málaga, Puerto pesquero, s/n 29640, Fuengirola, Spain

    Maria Soto

Authors
  1. Jon Lopez
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  3. Maria Soto
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Correspondence to Jon Lopez.

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Supplementary material 1

Histogram of size frequency of the silky sharks included in this study showing the 95% (red dashed line) and 99% (pink dashed line) percentiles. Size data was dominated by individuals of 80–150 cm TL (TIFF 28601 kb)

Supplementary material 2

(GIF 122690 kb)

Supplementary material 3

(GIF 21179 kb)

Supplementary material 4

Averaged predictions of silky shark probability standard error for the three environmental regimes identified in this study: stable (day of the year 290–154), cool (day of the year 155–239) and warming season (day of the year 240–289) (TIFF 98070 kb)

Supplementary material 5

Monthly averaged predictions of silky shark probability (TIFF 147104 kb)

Supplementary material 6

Monthly simplified predictions of silky shark probability (TIFF 147104 kb)

Supplementary material 7

Monthly averaged predictions of silky shark probability standard error (TIFF 147104 kb)

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Lopez, J., Alvarez-Berastegui, D., Soto, M. et al. Using fisheries data to model the oceanic habitats of juvenile silky shark (Carcharhinus falciformis) in the tropical eastern Atlantic Ocean. Biodivers Conserv 29, 2377–2397 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10531-020-01979-7

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