Abstract
In European rivers, one of the most invasive of terrestrial plant species, Reynoutria japonica Houtt. (Polygonaceae), is frequently found at the water-land interface. In this study, ecological effects of native species replacement by this invasive species was explored. In particular, we examined changes in leaf litter composition, and the subsequent impacts of their decomposition on riparian and in-stream plant community growth. We compared leaf litter from two riparian species, native Rubus fruticosus L. agg. (Rosaceae) and its spontaneous substitute along river corridors, R. japonica. Effects were assessed through phytotoxicity tests on (1) a terrestrial model plant species, the lettuce Lactuca sativa var. capitata L. (Asteraceae) and (2) a typical semi-aquatic riparian plant species growing in the same riparian zone, the watercress Nasturtium officinale R.Br. (Brassicaceae). Seedling root length measurement permitted calculation of a root length reduction index. The experiment was performed over a six-month decomposition period, with samples taken at five time intervals. Phytotoxic abilities of R. japonica were inconsistent over the decomposition period, leading to breaks in the regulatory processes of the structuring native species, R. fruticosus. Decomposition of R. japonica leaf litter led to the unexpected emergence of successive competition and facilitation interactions. This study showed distinct phytotoxic impacts from R. japonica leaf litter decomposition, causing ecological effects that differed from that of native species. In a context where R. japonica progressively replaces native riparian species, such impacts need to be considered further as R. japonica phytotoxicity does not steadily prevent other species with offset phenologies to establish, including invasive species.
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Acknowledgements
We are extremely grateful to the Botanical Gardens of the University of Strasbourg, for giving us access to a natural pond environment where experiments could be performed. We would also like to thank Emilien Luquet, Felix Vallier, Sophie Poussineau and Mélanie Thiébaut for their helpful contribution to the field experiment in the Saône floodplain. Special thanks to Rudy Staentzel, Ode Staentzel, Jean-Yves Jacob, and various trainees for their help with seedling measurement. This article received support from the Maison Interuniversitaire des Sciences de l’Homme d’Alsace (MISHA) and the Excellence Initiative of the University of Strasbourg. We thank Dr. Kevin Roche who improved the linguistic fluidity of our manuscript. Finally, we thank the Associate Editor and the two anonymous reviewers for comments that improved the quality of this manuscript.
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This research was funded through the CNRS-EDF partnership agreement “Management of the Old Rhine River geomorphology” (2014–2017), within UMR 7362 CNRS Laboratoire Image, Ville, Environnement—LIVE.
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CS, SR and IC conceived the ideas, designed the methodology and participated in data collection; CS analysed the data; SR and NP checked data analyses; all authors contributed to the interpretation of results and the writing of the manuscript, which was led by CS.
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Cybill, S., Soraya, R., Jean-Nicolas, B. et al. Ecological implications of the replacement of native plant species in riparian systems: unexpected effects of Reynoutria japonica Houtt. leaf litter. Biol Invasions 22, 1917–1930 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10530-020-02231-7
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10530-020-02231-7