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Genetic evidence of a recent successful colonization of introduced species on islands: Boa constrictor imperator on Cozumel Island

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Abstract

Only one study has described the population genetic structure of Boa constrictor imperator and only in a single naturally colonized island. B.c. imperator, a snake with a naturally wide distribution across the Neotropics, was introduced to Cozumel Island, Mexico, in 1971. At present, it is one of the most abundant, widely distributed, terrestrial vertebrate on the island. We analysed the genetic diversity and structure, based on seven microsatellite loci, of 76 individuals of B.c. imperator from Cozumel. We also included 96 samples from different localities across mainland Mexico, to review the potential origin of the founder individuals. We identified two genetically differentiated populations on Cozumel that showed moderate levels of genetic diversity (H o  = 0.590–0.620), with a low but significant level of genetic structure (F ST  = 0.032). Individuals were highly unrelated (71 %) and the majority of genetic variation was distributed within individuals (84 %). We detected a signal of reduction in population size and evidence of genetic bottleneck. The genetically closest mainland populations, indicating potential source of island founders, are localities from the Gulf of Mexico and Yucatan peninsula. Results are in agreement with a recently introduced population, founded by a few individuals originating from several sources, which has been successful. B.c. imperator is jeopardizing a highly vulnerable insular ecosystem, hence its eradication from Cozumel is urgently needed. Our information is also valuable for other introduced-boa cases or as a basis for its conservation elsewhere given its classification as a threatened species.

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Acknowledgments

We thank the following people for help during field work: Irene Romero-Nájera, César Hernández, Miguel A. Martínez-Morales, Sandra Bautista, Denise García-Vasco, Lorena Orozco, David Valenzuela, Arturo Mendoza and other members of the Cozumel Project. Also to Héctor González, Rafael Chacón and Gerardo Rodríguez for logistic support. Our gratitude to Óscar Flores and Edmundo Pérez for museum tissue donation. Fabiola Ramírez provided laboratory advise and assistance. Financial support from Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (grant 33635-V) to ADC, from Fondo Sectorial de Investigación Ambiental (SEMARNAT-2002-CO1-0571) to ADC and EVD and from Programa de Apoyo a Proyectos de Investigación e Innovación Tecnológica (Papiit) grants IN215205 and IN219707 to EVD. MSA received a Bachelor degree scholarship from Secretaría de Educación Pública (DIE-0814970). Scientific collector permit to EVD: Semarnat-FAUT-0168.

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  1. Departamento de Ecología de la Biodiversidad, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ap. Postal 70-275, Ciudad Universitaria, 04510, Mexico, DF, Mexico

    Ella Vázquez-Domínguez & Marco Suárez-Atilano

  2. Department of Entomology and W. M. Keck Center for Behavioral Biology, North Carolina State University, Campus Box 7613, Raleigh, NC, 27695-7613, USA

    Warren Booth

  3. SACBÉ – Servicios Ambientales, Conservación Biológica y Educación, Pelicanos 75, Colonia Flamingos II, 77660, Cozumel, Quintana Roo, Mexico

    Cristopher González-Baca & Alfredo D. Cuarón

  4. Multicriteria SC, Torre Uxmal 18, Unidad Independencia IMSS, 10100, Mexico, DF, Mexico

    Alfredo D. Cuarón

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  1. Ella Vázquez-Domínguez
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  2. Marco Suárez-Atilano
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  3. Warren Booth
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  4. Cristopher González-Baca
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  5. Alfredo D. Cuarón
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Correspondence to Ella Vázquez-Domínguez.

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Vázquez-Domínguez, E., Suárez-Atilano, M., Booth, W. et al. Genetic evidence of a recent successful colonization of introduced species on islands: Boa constrictor imperator on Cozumel Island. Biol Invasions 14, 2101–2116 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10530-012-0217-x

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