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The invasive Australian redback spider, Latrodectus hasseltii Thorell 1870 (Araneae: Theridiidae): current and potential distributions, and likely impacts

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Abstract

Populations of the Australian redback spider, Latrodectus hasseltii Thorell 1870, were first recorded in New Zealand in the early 1980s and in Osaka, Japan in 1995. Reliable records suggest that naturalised populations of L. hasseltii in New Zealand are present only in Central Otago and New Plymouth. In Central Otago, L. hasseltii feeds on endangered invertebrates, such as Prodontria modesta (Broun 1909). Latrodectus hasseltii is also a hazard to the New Zealand endemic L. katipo through interbreeding and competitive displacement. CLIMEXTM was used to model the potential global distribution of L. hasseltii based on current climate, and using ArcGIS® 9.2, areas of suitable climate in New Zealand were overlaid with favourable habitats to identify areas most suitable for L. hasseltii establishment. In addition, shelter that urban areas offer L. hasseltii were modelled in CLIMEX and incorporated into ArcGIS to produce maps indicating cities and built up areas where the species could establish. The presence of L. hasseltii in New Zealand and Japan, and its possible spread to other areas, is of human health significance, and the species may also impact on native biodiversity.

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Acknowledgments

We dedicate this paper to the late Lyn Forster (see Vink et al. 2009) whose research on L. hasseltii has been informative and inspirational. We thank Darren Kriticos and Gunter Maywald for their specialist advice on CLIMEX. Virtual Climate Station data was supplied by the National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research, New Zealand (www.niwa.cri.nz) and John Kean (AgResearch) provided invaluable assistance in loading the data into CLIMEX as well as helpful comments on the manuscript. Thanks to Mandy Barron for help with calculating the eggsac temperature threshold for L. hasseltii; Cody Fraser (OMNZ) for the loan of specimens; Craig Wilson (Department of Conservation) and Ruud Kleinpaste for L. hasseltii specimens and locality data from Central Otago; and Barbara Barratt (AgResearch) for confirming the identifications of Prodontria modesta and L. hasseltii locality data from Central Otago. We are grateful to Andrew Evans, Robyn Parker and David Parker for their assistance with field work, and to the latter for allowing live redbacks to be stored in his fridge. Thanks to Matthew Brown (AgResearch) for assistance with ArcGIS. Robert Raven (Queensland Museum) provided early information and advice. Alan Flynn (MAFBNZ) and Grace Hall (NZAC) have also provided valuable assistance and feedback. Thanks also to Brian Patrick (Central Stories Museum, Alexandra); John Early (AMNZ); Mike Langford (Ministry of Health); Peter de Lange (Department of Conservation); Eddie McCutcheon; Andy Austin (University of Adelaide); Nikolaj Scharff (Natural History Museum of Denmark); and Sandy Toy, Simon O’Connor, Toni Tana, Shaun Bennett, Carol Muir, Jo Berry and Carolyn Whyte (MAFBNZ) for input. We thank Daniel Simberloff (University of Tennessee) and Jeremy Miller (Nationaal Natuurhistorisch Museum Naturalis) for valuable comments on a previous version of the manuscript. CJV and CBP were partially funded by New Zealand’s Foundation for Research, Science and Technology through contract C02X0501, the Better Border Biosecurity (B3) programme (www.b3nz.org).

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  1. José G. B. Derraik

    Present address: Disease and Vector Research Group, Institute for Natural Sciences, Massey University, Albany Campus, Private Bag 102-904, North Shore Mail Centre, Auckland, 0745, New Zealand

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  1. Biosecurity Group, AgResearch, Private Bag 4749, Christchurch, 8140, New Zealand

    Cor J. Vink & Craig B. Phillips

  2. Entomology Research Museum, Lincoln University, PO Box 84, Lincoln, 7647, New Zealand

    Cor J. Vink

  3. MAF Biosecurity New Zealand, PO Box 2526, Wellington, 6140, New Zealand

    José G. B. Derraik

  4. Entomology Section, Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa, PO Box 467, Wellington, 6140, New Zealand

    Phil J. Sirvid

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Vink, C.J., Derraik, J.G.B., Phillips, C.B. et al. The invasive Australian redback spider, Latrodectus hasseltii Thorell 1870 (Araneae: Theridiidae): current and potential distributions, and likely impacts. Biol Invasions 13, 1003–1019 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10530-010-9885-6

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