Abstract
Genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics and fluxomics are powerful omics-technologies that play a major role in today’s research. For each of these techniques good sample quality is crucial. Major factors contributing to the quality of a sample is the actual sampling procedure itself and the way the sample is stored directly after sampling. It has already been described that RNAlater can be used to store tissues and cells in a way that the RNA quality and quantity are preserved. In this paper, we demonstrate that quaternary ammonium salts (RNAlater) are also suitable to preserve and store samples from Saccharomyces cerevisiae for later use with the four major omics-technologies. Moreover, it is shown that RNAlater also preserves the cell morphology and the potential to recover growth, permitting microscopic analysis and yeast cell culturing at a later stage.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Abramoff MD, Magelhaes PJ, Ram SJ (2004) Image processing with Imagej. Biophotonics Int 11:36–42
Allewell NM, Sama A (1974) The effect of ammonium sulfate on the activity of ribonuclease A. Biochim Biophys Acta 341:484–488
Bachoon DS, Chen F, Hodson RE (2001) RNA recovery and detection of mRNA by RT-PCR from preserved prokaryotic samples FEMS. Microbiol Lett 201:127–132
Barrett MT, Glogovac J, Prevo LJ, Reid BJ, Porter P, Rabinovitch PS (2002) High-quality RNA and DNA from flow cytometrically sorted human epithelial cells and tissues. Biotechniques 32:888–90, 892, 894, 896
Brachmann CB, Davies A, Cost GJ, Caputo E, Li J, Hieter P, Boeke JD (1998) Designer deletion strains derived from Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C: a useful set of strains and plasmids for PCR-mediated gene disruption and other applications. Yeast 14:115–132
Christen S, Sauer U (2011) Intracellular characterization of aerobic glucose metabolism in seven yeast species by 13C flux analysis and metabolomics. FEMS Yeast Res 11:263–272
Dekairelle AF, Van der Vorst S, Tombal B, Gala JL (2007) Preservation of RNA for functional analysis of separated alleles in yeast: comparison of snap-frozen and RNALater solid tissue storage methods. Clin Chem Lab Med 45:1283–1287
Fraenkel-Conrat H, Olcott HS (1948) The reaction of formaldehyde with proteins; cross-linking between amino and primary amide or guanidyl groups. J Am Chem Soc 70:2673–2684
Gombert AK, Moreira dos Santos M, Christensen B, Nielsen J (2001) Network identification and flux quantification in the central metabolism of Saccharomyces cerevisiae under different conditions of glucose repression. J Bacteriol 183:1441–1451
Hammond DK, Becker J, Elliott TF, Holubee K, Baker TL, Love JE (2005) Antigenic protein in microgravity-grown human mixed Mullerian ovarian tumor (LN1) cells preserved in RNA stabilizing agent. Gravit Space Biol Bull 18:99–100
Kittang AI, Kvaloy B, Winge P, Iversen TH (2010) Ground testing of Arabidopsis preservation protocol for the microarray analysis to be used in the ISS EMCS Multigen-2 experiment. Adv Space Res 46:1249–1256
Lader ES (2001) Methods and reagents for preserving RNA in cell and tissue samples. US Patent 6(204):375
Laemmli UK (1970) Cleavage of structural proteins during the assembly of the head of bacteriophage. T4. Nature 227:680–685
Lord M, Inose F, Hiroko T, Hata T, Fujita A, Chant J (2002) Subcellular localization of Axl1, the cell type-specific regulator of polarity. Curr Biol 12:1347–1352
Medeiros M, Sharma VK, Ding R, Yamaji K, Li B, Muthukumar T, Valderde-Rosas S, Hernandez AM, Muñoz R, Suthanthiran M (2003) Optimization of RNA yield, purity and mRNA copy number by treatment of urine cell pellets with RNAlater. J Immunol Methods 279:135–142
Michaud CL, Foran DR (2011) Simplified field preservation of tissues for subsequent DNA analyses. J Forensic Sci 56:846–852
Mutter GL, Zahrieh D, Liu C, Neuberg D, Finkelstein D, Baker HE, Warrington JA (2004) Comparison of frozen and RNAlater solid tissue storage methods for use in RNA expression microarrays. BMC Genomics 5:88
Ottesen EA, Marin R, Preston CM, Young CR, Ryan JP, Scholin CA, Delong EF (2011) Metatranscriptomic analysis of autonomously collected and preserved marine bacterioplankton. ISME J 5:1881–1895
Park NJ, Yu T, Nabili V, Brinkman BM, Henry S, Wang J, Wong DT (2006) RNAprotect saliva: an optimal room-temperature stabilization reagent for the salivary transcriptome. Clin Chem 52:2303–2304
Pringle JR (1991) Staining of bud scars and other cell wall chitin with calcofluor. Methods Enzymol 194:732–735
Richert L, Boulmedais F, Lavalle P, Mutterer J, Ferreux E, Decher G, Schaaf P, Voegel JC, Picart C (2004) Improvement of stability and cell adhesion properties of polyelectrolyte multilayer films by chemical cross-linking. Biomacromolecules 5:284–294
Schroeder A, Mueller O, Stocker S, Salowsky R, Leiber M, Gassmann M, Lightfoot S, Menzel W, Granzow M, Ragg T (2006) The RIN: an RNA integrity number for assigning integrity values to RNA measurements. BMC Mol Biol 7:3
Sikulu M, Dowell KM, Hugo LE, Wirtz RA, Michel K, Peiris KH, Moore S, Killeen GF, Dowell FE (2011) Evaluating RNAlater ® as a preservative for using near-infrared spectroscopy to predict Anopheles gambiae age and species. Malar J 10:186
Sirsat SA, Muthaiyan A, Ricke SC (2011) Optimization of the RNA extraction method for transcriptome studies of Salmonella inoculated on commercial raw chicken breast samples. BMC Res Notes 4:60
Van den Broeck F, Geldof S, Polman K, Volckaert FA, Huyse T (2011) Optimal sample storage and extraction procotols for reliable multilocus genotyping of the human parasite Schistosoma mansoni. Infect Genet Evol 11:1413–1418
Van Mulders SE, Stassen C, Daenen L, Devreese B, Siewers V, van Eijsden RG, Nielsen J, Delvaux FR, Willaert R (2011) The influence of microgravity on invasive growth in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Astrobiology 11:45–55
Verduyn C, Postma E, Scheffers WA, Van Dijken JP (1992) Effect of benzoic acid on metabolic fluxes in yeasts: a continuous-culture study on the regulation of respiration and alcoholic fermentation. Yeast 8:501–517
Williams MA (2010) Stabilizing the code-methods to preserve RNA prove their worth. Biomark Insights 5:139–143
Acknowledgments
The Belgian Federal Science Policy Office, the Danish Agency for Space and Technology, and the European Space Agency (ESA) PRODEX program supported this work.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Rudy G.E. van Eijsden and Catherine Stassen contributed equally to this work.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
van Eijsden, R.G.E., Stassen, C., Daenen, L. et al. A universal fixation method based on quaternary ammonium salts (RNAlater) for omics-technologies: Saccharomyces cerevisiae as a case study. Biotechnol Lett 35, 891–900 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10529-013-1163-0
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10529-013-1163-0