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Crop rotation and tillage systems as a proactive strategy in the control of peanut fungal soilborne diseases

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Abstract

Soil management practices can affect the population dynamics of soil microbial communities. Cultural practices can be adequately combined to benefit natural populations of microorganisms that may have a role in biological control (actinomycetes, Trichoderma spp., and Gliocladium spp.), thus contributing to the management of peanut fungal soilborne diseases in a sustainable manner within ecological boundaries. During six agricultural cycles, rhizosphere soil samples were taken from a field subjected to crop rotation (soybean, peanut, and maize), peanut being under two tillage systems (no till, reduced tillage) with the aim of quantifying populations of soil microorganisms. The incidence of diseases caused by soilborne fungi in peanut was determined at harvest. The highest amount of actinomycetes, Trichoderma spp., and Gliocladium spp. were recorded when maize was the preceding crop. Regarding tillage systems, the populations of the three groups of microorganisms were higher in peanut under no tillage than under reduced tillage. Under these conditions, the lowest incidence of peanut blight (Sclerotinia minor) and root rot (strains of Fusarium solani) was observed, suggesting a possible natural control of peanut soilborne pathogens. The quantification of actinomycetes, Trichoderma spp., and Gliocladium spp. was used as a tool to explore the impacts of different management systems on microbial groups that may be involved in the biological control of soilborne diseases, with the aim of combining those practices that improve native populations of possible beneficial microorganisms. This manipulation can provide sustainable management strategies in the control of soilborne diseases, avoiding the use of artificial inoculations of microorganisms, and reducing agrochemical application.

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported by Foncyt PID 279, with the special contribution of Fundación Maní Argentino. Agencia Córdoba Ciencia contributed with a grant to SVG. We are grateful to Mertie Buckman Laboratories for the award given to this work in the XIII Latin-American Congress of Phytopathology. We want to thank to Dr Silvina Pastor and Biologist Guillermo Benitez for their assistance in part or soil sampling, and also to the Área Recursos Naturales (EEA INTA Manfredi), for providing the chemical analysis of soil samples.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Instituto de Fitopatología y Fisiología Vegetal (IFFIVE-INTA), Camino 60 cuadras Km. 5 y 1/2, 5119, Cordoba, Argentina

    Silvina Vargas Gil & Guillermo J. March

  2. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal (IMBIV. CONICET-UNC), Cordoba, Argentina

    José M. Meriles

  3. Estación Experimental Agropecuaria (EEA—INTA Manfredi), Manfredi, 5988, Cordoba, Argentina

    Ricardo Haro & Cristiano Casini

Authors
  1. Silvina Vargas Gil
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  2. José M. Meriles
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  3. Ricardo Haro
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  4. Cristiano Casini
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  5. Guillermo J. March
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Correspondence to Silvina Vargas Gil.

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Vargas Gil, S., Meriles, J.M., Haro, R. et al. Crop rotation and tillage systems as a proactive strategy in the control of peanut fungal soilborne diseases. BioControl 53, 685–698 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10526-007-9105-1

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