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Influence of site effects on the seismic vulnerability of masonry and reinforced concrete buildings in Tuzla (Bosnia and Herzegovina)

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Abstract

Tuzla is the third most populated city in Bosnia and Herzegovina. In the last 50 years, Tuzla has experienced several minor and moderate earthquakes. On August 30th, 2019, an earthquake of magnitude mb = 4.7 and the intensity from V to VI according to the MCS scale hit an area located 6 km from Mramor a village located 10 km from Tuzla. The city of Tuzla is known for salt and coal exploitation, which has caused the settlement of the city of Tuzla. Assessment of the seismic risk depends on various features, from the availability of data, knowledge regarding the buildings to the selection of vulnerability method that is going to be applied. The outcome risk assessment due to ground motion represents the first step to support the decisions and actions to mitigate potential losses. From the available database, all the structures located in Tuzla were elaborated, leading to a sample of 203 buildings, including reinforced concrete buildings, unreinforced masonry with flexible and rigid floors, and confined masonry buildings. The RISK-UE Building Category Matrix was used for structural and typological characterization of the elaborated buildings. The range of the construction period for the selected sample is from 1961 to 2014. The elaborated structures were residential buildings either for individual or collective housing. This paper aims to provide preliminary information regarding seismic risk in the Tuzla region taking into account the specific site effects on the vulnerability by applying the macroseismic model. The vulnerability index is calculated by applying the macroseismic method being a function of the type of building, behavior modifier factors, and regional vulnerability factors. The seismic risk in the town of Tuzla is in the range from medium to high. Site characteristics have been incorporated in the calculation, leading to amplification of damage and higher vulnerability of structures.

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The data is available as indicated in the text.

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Notes

  1. TABULA project was harmonized with the directives 2002/91/EC and 2006/32/EC and co-financed by the European Commission’s IEE program.

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Acknowledgements

We gratefully acknowledge the Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale. Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) GmbH for giving their approval to use the data obtained through the project „Typology of residential buildings in Bosnia and Herzegovina”. We gratefully acknowledge the Department of Urbanism of Tuzla City for the city urban plan which was used in the mapping process, and the Service for Physical Planning and Environmental Protection of Tuzla Municipality for their validation of the data for the selected urban block.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. University of Sarajevo-Faculty of Civil Engineering, Patriotske lige 30, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina

    Naida Ademovic

  2. Faculty of Civil Engineering and Architecture, J. J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, Vladimira Preloga 3, Osijek, Croatia

    Marijana Hadzima-Nyarko

  3. University of Sarajevo-Faculty of Architecture, Patriotske lige 30, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina

    Nermina Zagora

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  1. Naida Ademovic
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Correspondence to Naida Ademovic.

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Ademovic, N., Hadzima-Nyarko, M. & Zagora, N. Influence of site effects on the seismic vulnerability of masonry and reinforced concrete buildings in Tuzla (Bosnia and Herzegovina). Bull Earthquake Eng 20, 2643–2681 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10518-022-01321-2

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