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Condom Use Measurement in 56 Studies of Sexual Risk Behavior: Review and Recommendations

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Despite numerous studies that measure self-reported condom use, there is currently no agreed upon “gold standard” in terms of the best way to assess condom use. The purpose of the current study was to review measures of self-reported condom use within correlational studies of sexual risk behavior, and to evaluate such measures on the basis of suggestions from the methodological literature. An additional purpose was to examine specifically whether measures published in the correlational literature have improved over time. A systematic review of studies was undertaken and specific review criteria were used to guide the inclusion of studies. A final set of 56 studies that contained 72 measures of self-reported condom use were included in the review. These measures were coded and evaluated on 12 dimensions, including measure type, number of response categories, recall period, sex partner specificity, and sex act specificity. Results indicated a great amount of diversity in terms of how condom use has been measured in the literature. Although results indicated that measures published between 1996 and 2003 were of higher quality on a number of dimensions as compared to 1989–1995, a number of these gains were minimal and in some cases measures have decreased in quality. The overall conclusion is that the sexual risk behavior literature should implement more of the recommendations made by methodological scholars in this area. Specific recommendations are summarized and presented in a way that may be helpful in guiding the development of future measures of self-reported condom use.

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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

The second and third authors contributed equally to the work presented in the article. This study was supported, in part, by internal funds awarded to Seth M. Noar by the Department of Communication and the College of Communications and Information Studies at the University of Kentucky. The authors thank Rick Crosby and Rick Zimmerman for providing comments on an earlier draft of this paper, Devin Fenison for assistance retrieving articles and maintaining the reference database, and Ashley Clark for assistance with the manuscript preparation.

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  1. Department of Communication, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA

    Seth M. Noar Ph.D. & Christi Cole B.A.

  2. School of Journalism and Communication, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA

    Kellie Carlyle M.A.

  3. Department of Communication, University of Kentucky, 248 Grehan Building, Lexington, Kentucky, 40506-0042, USA

    Seth M. Noar Ph.D.

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Noar, S.M., Cole, C. & Carlyle, K. Condom Use Measurement in 56 Studies of Sexual Risk Behavior: Review and Recommendations. Arch Sex Behav 35, 327–345 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10508-006-9028-4

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